Hakoniwa Shared Map S — Player Guide

1. Getting started

To improve the game's AI, we record each nation's commands and results in a private location and use them for review after the season ends. We do not record passwords, connection source information, or message board text.

Hakoniwa Shared Map S is a nation-building game on one shared 90×90 hexagonal map. Development, resource production, trade, diplomacy and land and naval warfare all take place in this world. Start by founding a nation, then check its population, Food and Funds.

The standard turn interval is 6 hours; check the next update time on the home page. You can queue up to 50 commands. They are processed in order during a turn update. A command that does not consume a turn still runs during an update; it lets processing continue to the next command.

Register a comment within 1 hour of founding your nation. Automatic removal currently applies before the game starts (turn 1 or earlier) if a nation still has no registered comment after that hour.

1.1 Winning and continuing play

The normal ranking is by population. The last surviving nation receives a world-conquest record. If an end turn is configured, the population leader on that turn receives the world-largest record. The standard configuration has no end-turn limit. Faction membership does not itself provide a faction-victory condition.

In worlds that use seasons, the turn-limit ranking uses territory 60%, population 25% and treasury 15% (each as a share of the total among surviving nations). From seasons that start after version 1.64 is installed, economic assets 15% replace treasury 15%. Economic assets are the treasury and private cash and goods, including goods in transit, goods in warehouses and amounts held for payments, valued at common prices (world prices for the eight resources and a fixed price for food), averaged over the latest 12 turns. Country-specific market prices, ships and buildings are not counted. The value is recorded at the end of every turn; turns before recording began are not counted, and a nation that joined later counts as zero before it joined. The season section of the top page shows the rule of the current season and the turn when recording began.

At the end of a season, surviving nations can receive two awards separate from the overall winner: economic assets leader and trade volume leader. Economic assets use the same latest 12-turn average as scoring. With fewer than 12 recorded turns, the available records are averaged and their count is saved. Turns before a nation joins count as zero; missing records after it joins are excluded from the average and its denominator. Trade volume is the quantity of completed private trades during the season, combined across goods. Delivered quantities count for both seller and buyer; they are not revenue or profit. Equal values share the award. If all nations have zero trade volume, no trade award is given. There is no prize money or ability bonus. Early territory victories use results up to that turn. Nation names, values, achievement turns, counted periods and the rule version are saved separately for each season and shown in the top season section and season records. An award is withheld if the required historical records are unavailable.

A nation with no population is subject to the survival check, with an exception for an eligible government in exile whose capital is an Undersea City. Losing a capital is not immediate defeat, but it affects territorial resistance. Maintaining Food and productive land is essential to continued play.

2. Founding a nation

2.1 Choosing a site

Open the founding page from the home page and choose from the current site list. A + on the world map marks an available founding site. The center must be Wasteland or Forest. All 7 cells—the center and its 6 neighbors—must be unused, unowned Wasteland, Plains or Forest. Any Mountain, Sea or Shoal makes the site unsuitable, even if it contains resources.

A location must be on the site list even if its terrain appears suitable. Specified coordinates are checked against the current list again when you submit. Another nation may have founded or developed there in the meantime. If rejected, choose from the refreshed list. Enter a nation name, ruler name and password, and make the password confirmation match.

AI nations and randomly placed new nations avoid sites with any army unit in the center or its six neighbors. When you choose the site yourself, foreign units in those seven cells withdraw. Soldiers, equipment and experience return to their original nation under the same rules as command 24, without scorching the land.

2.2 Initial layout

You start with a 6,000-person Town as the capital, two neighboring Villages of 2,000 people each, one Farm and one Supply Depot. The other 2 adjacent cells become yours with their natural terrain intact. Founding does not automatically place mining facilities in these 7 cells.

Initial Funds are 6,000 ×100M JPY, Food is 3,000 units of 100 t, and reserves are 200 units of 100 people. Initial resource stocks are listed in 4.1. Register your comment, check your Farm and Food supply, then submit a development plan.

3. Territory and development

3.1 Reading terrain

Icon	Terrain	How to read it
	Wasteland	Clear it to create Plains for development.
	Plains	A starting point for facilities and planned cities.
	Forest	Use Extract Resources / Log to obtain Timber.
	Mountain	Mountains may have a resource deposit or none. Mountains without deposits produce 1 unit of wood every 4 turns without logging. Production stops under 5,000 or more foreign troops, except troops of the same formal camp, and never exceeds the wood storage limit.
	Shoal	Water terrain; an Oil deposit permits Oilfield construction.
	Sea	Water terrain used for sea travel and marine facilities.

Use the detail panel to check the owner, coordinates, population or scale, resource deposit and resistance. A unit and the land under it may belong to different nations. Flags and colors alone do not establish that occupation is complete. In public views such as Sightseeing, Missile Bases, Defense Facilities and Supply Depots appear as Forest, while Undersea Bases and Sea Mines appear as Sea.

Public maps on the home page, full world map and sightseeing pages show the end of the last completed turn. The map label gives that turn number. Only the + markers for available founding sites use current information when the page opens. Country names, country colors, faction colors and legends belong to the same saved map; renaming or changing factions between turns appears on the next map. Color switching takes place in the browser.

3.2 From natural deposits to extraction facilities

A resource deposit is not a facility. Mountains can contain iron, stone, coal, surface deposits or Uranium; Sea and Shoal cells can contain Oil, as can waste cells after a survey. Undeveloped deposits provide no extraction income. Execute Build Mine / Oilfield (14) to create the corresponding facility, then use Extract Resources / Log (79) to obtain resources.

Only new-world creation uses fixed climate belts, independent of seasons and weather, for supplemental mineral placement. All input deposits remain; each gets one trial at a vacant candidate, with a default base probability of 10%. Iron ore in polar and subpolar belts and oil in tropical and subtropical belts use a 1.2 multiplier (12%); all other combinations use 1.0 (10%). The configurable range is 0.8–1.2; opposite belts are not automatically reduced to 0.8. Iron ore, stone, coal, surface deposits and uranium require mountains; oil requires sea or shoal. Rivers are excluded. Richness is copied together with the original substrate; extraction yields do not change. No deposit is added if candidates run out. Existing worlds remain unchanged by this correction when loaded, saved or advanced through turns. Actual deposit counts are not guaranteed to change by ±20%. See the resource settings for current values.

Geological Survey (109) examines one mountain or waste cell for 100 Funds (10 billion JPY) and 1 turn. A mountain survey still costs 100 Funds and a turn but reveals nothing. On waste, oil discovery is normally 10%, or 20% within 2 hexes of sea or shoal (configurable). Coastal land is used as an indicator of sedimentary basins. Surveys never reveal surface deposits. Initial deposit value is 500 in existing storage units, with level digit 0. Requires owned or adjacent neutral land without enemy troops, a known deposit or a facility. A miss still costs 100 Funds and 1 turn, but may be retried. Invalid targets and insufficient funds incur no charge. Quantity and target are 0. After discovery, Construction 14 builds a land Oilfield for a separate 120 Funds and 1 turn. Land Oilfields use land-oil.gif and a land map color; Offshore Oilfields retain the existing sea image and color. Sea and shoal cannot be surveyed; initial resource placement in new worlds is unchanged.

An offshore deposit can be developed beside any own ship or own cell, including a built offshore oilfield, allowing oilfields to be chained farther offshore.

Construction costs 120 ×100M JPY and consumes a turn. The site must be your territory or neutral land adjacent to yours. Sites with foreign troops or without a deposit are rejected. Extraction depends on accumulated reserves and other facility conditions; the yield is not fixed for every operation.

Upgrade Mine / Oilfield (128) raises an owned facility by one level, up to level 10, in one turn. The execution cost is 100 Funds per current level, 10 Stone and 10 Timber; Quantity and Target must be 0. A higher level raises the reserve cap and recovery under the existing formulas: cap = 10 × level × facility scale; recovery = ceil(level/4) × facility scale (large mines use scale 2). Each staffed mine or oilfield gets one cave-in roll per turn: by default 11% at level 1, falling linearly to 2% at level 10. A cave-in lowers the level by one, stopping at 1, and discards reserves above the new cap. Deposit richness is the initial reserve when the facility is built; extraction never depletes the deposit itself. Administrators can set HmineCaveInPermilleLevel1 and HmineCaveInPermilleLevel10 to 0 to disable cave-ins. Current rates appear in Resource Settings.

3.3 Main development commands

Terrain and command reference

The table lists standard base costs. Terrain, expansion, quantity, materials or timing can change a command’s actual requirements. Consult the command description and Settings for the full command list and parameters. A 0-turn command still occupies a position in the plan.

Clearing and construction check terrain, neighboring territory and troop presence. Only your own land and port cells count as neighboring territory; sea cells holding your merchant ships or warships do not (the exception is offshore deposits, which you can develop when your own ship is adjacent). From version 1.64, land reclamation is unavailable by default. Administrators can restore allow or auto in local-init.cgi (cost: 900). Only auto unlocks reclamation once the neutral-land share reaches 5% or less. When expanding your border, check the owner and execution log. Mountains cannot be excavated. Use tunnels (a separate command) to pass through mountains. If the administrator restores mountain excavation with auto or allow, mountains alone cost 900.

Tunnel (command 5, cost 900) can be built on your own mountain after the neutral-land share unlocks at 5% or less. At least two adjacent mountains without tunnels are required. Infantry, Artillery, Marines and Airborne move one cell, and Armor moves two. Mountain Troops move the same with or without a tunnel. Territorial and war restrictions apply as for normal movement. Tunnels survive ownership changes and enemy troops can use them. Resources, timber and combat retain mountain rules; the tunnel disappears when the terrain ceases to be a mountain.

3.4 Resistance and ownership

After an occupation-capable unit enters foreign or neutral territory, a later army phase reduces resistance. Ownership changes when resistance falls below 1, and resistance is then set to 10. Infantry and Mountain Troops are suited to occupation; Marines have limited occupation ability. Your occupation-capable troops can restore resistance on your land.

Encirclement can also affect ownership. Entering a cell and actually taking ownership are separate events. A newly lost capital triggers a reduction of 2 in the resistance of remaining national territory.

The capital can be moved to one of your Town-type cells with Move Capital (command 89, 200 ×100M JPY, 1 turn). The capital cell is not hit by natural disasters such as fire, earthquake, eruption, meteorite and tsunami (damage from missiles and monsters still applies as before). If the capital town is lost but its cell is still your territory, the capital moves automatically to one of your remaining towns, and resistance does not drop. The capital becomes fallen only when another nation takes it.

3.5 Two paths of urban development

With natural growth, a settlement below 3,000 people is a Village, one with 3,000–9,900 is a Town, and one with 10,000 or more is a City. At 20,000 people, this terrain becomes a Metropolis, whose population cap is 25,000.

Planned cities use a separate construction path. Build Planned City (87) converts your Plains to Reserved Land (Quantity 0), then New Town (1), then Modern City (2). A Metropolis does not automatically become a New Town. Reserved Land costs 10 ×100M JPY; a New Town costs 300 plus Stone 30 and Timber 20; a Modern City costs 600 plus Stone 60 and Timber 40. Funds use ×100M JPY and material quantities use the units in 4.1. A New Town holds up to 25,000 people and a Modern City up to 30,000. An Undersea City (Quantity 3) holds up to 15,000.

A Modern City may be built next to another Modern City. The site must be your own New Town, and the required money and materials must be available.

Name your own Modern Cities or valid capital only. A Metropolis is eligible only when it is the capital. Existing names are preserved.

Natural growth of large cities: Metropolises, New Towns, Modern Cities and Undersea Cities also grow naturally like towns up to their population caps, and grow faster during promotional campaigns. Population decreases during food shortages or on cells with at least 5,000 foreign troops.

In a nation with at least 100,000 people, a fire can break out in a town hex with more than 5,000 people (Village, Town, City, Metropolis, New Town or Modern City). The fire does not destroy the town; it lowers the population instead. Villages, Towns, Cities and Metropolises lose half, New Towns and Modern Cities lose 30%, and at least 100 people remain. Troops in the hex are not reduced. A Metropolis that falls below 20,000 people becomes an ordinary town again (Village, Town or City). Fires never break out in the capital hex or in a hex with a Forest or Monument among its six neighbors, so a Forest next to a town protects it from fire. Factories, Large Factories and Warehouses still become Wasteland after a fire. The chance of a fire and the share of people lost appear in the settings list.

3.6 Detailed development rules

Prepare Land (1) turns wasteland and similar land into plains and makes the hex yours. The hex itself or a neighbor must be your own land or port. Sea, sea bases, mountains, monsters and mines cannot be prepared. On another nation's land only wasteland can be prepared; on neutral land any other land hex can be. Preparing your own plains or a village under 1,000 people is cancelled, so no money is wasted. Level Land (2) is preparation that uses no turn, but only on your own land (wasteland with your own unit on it is allowed even on neutral or foreign land). Preparing a forest gives wood equal to the forest value. Preparing land has a 1% chance to find buried treasure (100–500 ×100M JPY). You cannot prepare or build where another nation's unit stands or on a friendly nation's land.

Plant Forest (11), Farm (12), Factory (13), Quick Farm (7), Quick Factory (8), Missile Base (15), Wall (18), Supply Base (21) and Defense Facility (16) are built on plains or on your own towns. Plains may be neutral or foreign if a neighbor is your own land or port, and the built hex becomes yours. Quick Farm and Quick Factory work only on your own land and use no turn. A farm starts at a scale of 10,000 people, grows by 5,000 per addition and stops at 60,000. A factory starts at 30,000, grows by 15,000 and stops at 120,000. You can also add to another nation's farm or factory, and that hex becomes yours. Farms and factories take a repeat count in Quantity. For a Supply Base, Quantity sets the corps number (1–32); building again on your own supply base changes only its corps and uses no turn. Building a wall preserves the existing troop type and corps. Other types than mountain troops remain trapped. A Sea Base (17) can be built on any sea except shallows, even away from your territory, and that sea becomes yours. The log does not show its coordinates.

Defense Facility (16) runs only when it is the first command carried out in the turn. Entering it again on your own defense facility arms a self-destruct device at four times the cost; it explodes at the end of the next update and damages everything within 2 hexes. Self-destruct is not allowed during the first 30 turns after founding, and it is cancelled when a friendly nation owns land other than wasteland or sea in the second ring. By default a defense facility also self-destructs when a monster steps on it.

Land also changes by itself. Wasteland becomes plains with a 10% chance each turn (neutral wasteland too). Plains next to a town of 200 people or more, or next to a farm, sometimes become a village of 100 people and belong to that town's or farm's nation. This spreads onto other nations' plains too, but less often than onto your own, and never onto a friendly nation's plains, plains with another nation's unit, or neutral plains. Towns grow on their own up to 20,000 people (see 3.5 for what follows). A town with another nation's unit of 5,000 people or more, or a town in a nation short of food, loses people and turns back into plains at 0. Neutral towns, forests and facilities (supply bases, missile bases, defense facilities, walls and so on) turn into wasteland, and a neutral sea base returns to sea. Forests grow every turn; when the forest value reaches 40, it pays 200 ×100M JPY and returns to 1.

The standard world uses "globe mode": the top and bottom of the map and its left and right edges are joined. The neighbor of an edge hex is the hex on the opposite edge, and movement, development adjacency and disaster ranges are all counted across the joined edges.

4. Resources and economy

4.1 Eight resources and their units

In 1.64, resource ID 7 changed from Uranium to Steel. Existing Uranium stock, wherever it was held, was converted once into Fuel (1 Uranium = 3 Fuel, equal in value at base price 120 against about 42.5 for Fuel). Steel starts at 0 and is produced by iron Mines and Large Mines. One container holds 1 t of Steel.

Ore represents rare earths and other uncommon metals. Surface Deposits yield Ore, with their output multiplier raised from 25 to 50. Iron Mines and Large Mines yield Steel directly; an own Coal Mine in any of the six adjacent hexes raises Steel output by 50%. These are provisional settings. The private Steel holding floor is 32, but world purchases cover actual consumption only.

Funds and Food are separate treasury items, outside these eight resources. Funds use ×100M JPY; Food values use 100 t; population and troop-strength values use 100 people. The UI suffixes “00 t” and “00 people” express those display units. Prices are per quantity 1 of each resource, not per equal weight across all resources.

After rations, 0.5% of treasury Food above 18 times that turn's domestic production spoils each turn, rounded down to whole units; civilian stock is excluded.

4.2 Production and world prices

Forests provide Timber; extraction facilities provide Steel, Ore, Stone, Fuel or Oil (Uranium Mines yield Fuel from production research level 3). One advanced-industry Factory batch converts Ore 2 into Industrial Goods 1; a Refinery converts Oil 2 into Fuel 3; a Munitions Factory converts Industrial Goods 1 plus Steel 2 into Ammunition 6. Refineries use Oil from the treasury regardless of Oilfield distance. Production needs both inputs and available labor. Agricultural and industrial labor are not counted twice. Production technology has levels 0–10 by country. It multiplies the finished amount of Food, mining, timber harvesting and factory output by the technology multiplier (100 + 3 × level percent at levels 0–5; 115 + 1.5 × (level − 5) percent at levels 6–10, reaching 122.5% at level 10). The result is rounded down once in the output unit, so small amounts can stay unchanged. It does not multiply workers, deposits or their recovery, factory inputs, taxes, market receipts, subsidies, trade income or prices.

Factory jobs count only the capacity that can operate with raw materials (Steel for heavy industry, Food for light industry), Fuel, and storage space for products. Refineries and Munitions Factories also need their own inputs, Fuel, and storage space. Shortages of materials or Fuel, or full product stores, reduce jobs and raise unemployment even when facilities exist. While Steel is scarce, command 132 with Quantity 0 switches industry policy to light industry (a change fee applies, effective next turn). When unemployment or labor shortage is marked "(estimate)", no operating record for that turn is available, so the value is estimated from current stocks. Jobs may therefore be estimated lower even if production succeeded and used up the materials during that turn.

Industry policy (command 132) applies nationwide to Factories and Large Factories. Quantity 0 selects light industry: 2 Food to 1 Good (50% factory capacity, 45% Fuel rate). Quantity 1 selects heavy industry: 2 Steel to 1 Good plus 1 Ammunition (75% capacity, 150% Fuel rate). Quantity 2 selects advanced industry: 2 Ore to 1 Good (100% capacity, 75% Fuel rate). Capacity rounds up. Heavy industry unlocks at Production Research 1 and advanced industry at 3. Changing policy costs 25 Funds and takes effect the next turn. Countries that existed before industry policy start advanced regardless of research level; newly founded countries and countries in a new season start light. Refineries and Munitions Factories keep their recipes but use the national industry Fuel rate. The current values are in Game Settings.

An AI country raises a staffed Mine or Oilfield with command 128 when its resource is short or being purchased. With enough stock it also raises one when the new level gets workers and money is spare (see CPU resource development). It builds or upgrades a Power Plant only with enough industrial capacity and incoming Fuel to operate it, and stops at the national output-bonus cap. It chooses an industry mode from incoming materials and Production Research. A country in advanced industry changes only after repeated turns without Ore intake and with another input available; a cooldown prevents rapid reversals. Its Fuel reserve includes estimated sector and power demand, and heavy industry adds factory Steel input to its reserve. AI observes sector efficiency but does not reassign workers to change it. The planning thresholds are in Game Settings. With treasury funds of at least 12,000 units of 100 million yen, a CPU prioritizes research in all three fields (up to level 10) and existing industrial upgrades, mine upgrades, power plants and shortage-relief candidates over Fundraising. Mandatory and emergency responses retain precedence, and cash reserves, labor and Fuel requirements remain in force.

Agriculture, industry and commerce use treasury Fuel in proportion to the base-price value of their output. Food is valued at 1 Fund per unit; the other products use the base prices in section 4.1. Fuel demand is 45% of agricultural output, 75% of advanced-industry output and 30% of commercial sales, divided by the Fuel base price. Market price changes do not alter this demand. If Fuel is short, output and commercial receipts fall by the available share, rounded down to whole output units. Refineries may use part of the Fuel they have just made. Fuel use starts at zero on the first update and reaches full rate on the tenth. On the first update of a release, human countries alone receive one grant equal to 20 full-demand turns, capped at treasury storage; small coal deposits are also placed once in neutral mountains using fixed climate-belt multipliers. Rates and periods are provisional settings.

World prices change by at most 10% per turn and stay within 0.4–2.5 times the current base price. After a world price stays at the floor or ceiling set by its current base price for six consecutive turns, the base price moves 3% toward the market each turn starting on the next turn. It stops when the price leaves the bound and does not revert. The base stays within 0.5–2 times its original value. World prices stay within 0.4–2.5 times the current base and change by at most 10% per turn. Local prices retain their 0.75–1.25 coefficient and use the current base for their absolute bounds.

For each of the 8 resources, your country's trade reference price equals world reference price × coefficient for that country and resource. Private international trade decisions apply a further inventory adjustment to the trade reference prices of the selling and buying countries. Buyers pay more as their inventory falls further below its target. When sellers hold more than their target inventory, they lower their selling price according to the surplus, by up to 20%. This also applies to return cargo decisions. The coefficient rises when the country's private inventory is below its target and falls when it is above, also responds to imports and exports, and keeps local prices within 0.75–1.25 times world prices.

Exports that have actually been delivered and settled raise the coefficient; imports lower it. The change in the coefficient due to trade is limited to 0.03 per turn (equivalent to 3% of the world reference price). Each turn also pulls the coefficient toward a level determined by private free inventory and its target, even without trade (by default, reducing the gap by 20%). Setting the stock adjustment speed to 0 restores the former rule, reducing the gap toward 1 by 2% per turn. The 3% describes only the trade component, not a cap on the final price change including this pull, changes in world prices and inventory adjustments. The coefficient stays within 0.75 to 1.25 and updates once at turn end. Prices in existing contracts stay fixed.

Treasury purchases and sales, household prices, limit purchases, asset valuation and scoring continue to use world reference prices. Food has no country coefficient.

Factories, Refineries and Munitions Factories carry fractional work forward until it reaches one batch (10,000 workers). Carry is capped at 0.99 batches when materials or storage are insufficient.

Command 88 upgrades Refineries and Munitions Factories up to L3. Each step costs 500 hundred-million yen, Stone 30 and Industrial Goods 10.

Troops of 5,000 or more stop production income from farms, large farms, factories, large factories and mines only when their country is at war with the landowner. Peacetime troops, troops awaiting the start of war and formal camp allies do not stop it. This change does not remove or move peacetime troops already on foreign land.

Provisional sector efficiency uses each sector's share p of non-overlapping staffed agriculture, mining and factories, and commerce. The 100% baselines are 73% agriculture, 26% industry and 0% commerce. Efficiency (%) is 100+35×(f(p)−f(baseline))/f(√0.75), where f(p)=p×sqrt(1.5−p²), with a 90% floor. It separately scales Food output, industrial output and commercial sale quantities, in addition to production research. The three percentages appear on the Civil and banking tab.

4.3 City markets and Demand Factor

Settlements provide built-in market capacity based on population and urban stage, added to capacity from Market facilities. Village, Town, City, Metropolis, New Town and Modern City stages have different efficiencies and agricultural shares. A populated nation can have city consumption demand even without a separate Market facility.

The Demand Factor is shared by all markets and ports of one nation. Population, market capacity and Industrial Goods accepted over the latest 5 turns determine a value from 0.3 to 1.2. Heavy deliveries to one nation reduce it; it can recover as older deliveries leave the history window. Zero population or capacity stops the market. Stock, capacity and available labor also limit actual sales.

Provisional household Industrial Goods demand starts at one unit per 500 population units (50,000 residents) and rises by up to 100% with treasury Funds per resident. The larger of this demand and physical market capacity is scaled by commerce efficiency and limited by private stock available for sale. Treasury Funds indicate prosperity; household sales do not debit them. Base Food and Fuel demand and private world purchase conditions stay the same.

4.4 Ports, routes and Tariff

A Port at scale 2 or higher becomes a Large port, increasing the cargo it can handle per turn from 256 to 2,048.

The state trade commands in this section cannot be newly executed. The private economy (4.7) is always running. This covers Set Trade Route (81), Load Cargo in Bulk (80), Set Route Trading Mode (104), Set Port Purchase Limits (105), Build Merchant Class (118), Route Waypoint (119), Bonded deposit route (121), Bonded forwarding route (122), and building a Freighter with Build Ship (69). The private sector trades and ships goods between nations automatically. A nation decides where to build Ports (Build Trade Facility, 78), Set Port Access (102), Set Port Tariff (103), Port transit fee (120), embargoes with Set Checkpoint Policy (91), and its export limits to the private sector. The description below is kept for when these commands reopen.

Use Build Trade Facility (78) to establish Ports and related facilities, then Set Trade Route (81) to specify a Freighter route, its origin, destination and cargo. Cargo loads at your Port; sales or collection take place at the destination. Cargo aboard a ship is separate from treasury stock, and sinking destroys cargo and embarked troops.

The port and market panel queues Set Port Access (102), Set Port Tariff (103), Set Route Trading Mode (104) and Set Port Purchase Limits (105). Access choices are open to non-belligerents, friends only, or closed. Trade checks both nations’ policies and war status. Friends-only access admits members of the same military Faction or trade alliance. War, embargoes and Port closures take precedence.

For Industrial Goods consignment, world price, Demand Factor and market efficiency determine gross proceeds. After Tariff, 80% goes to the exporter and 20% to the host. Tariff is host income, ranges from 0 to 30%, and is waived within a Faction. Physical purchases instead transfer Funds from the host and add the resource to its stock. Purchase limits specify each resource’s per-turn quantity and stock ceiling.

4.5 Bilateral Contracts

Bilateral Contract commands cannot be newly executed. Because the private economy (4.7) is always running, Propose Bilateral Contract (106), Accept Bilateral Contract (107) and Cancel Bilateral Contract (108) are not executed, and the private sector trades resources between nations automatically. The steps below are kept for when these commands reopen.

1. The seller configures a standing route from its Port to the buyer’s Port, then selects the buyer, seller’s fleet, resource, per-turn quantity, price, price bounds, duration and automatic renewal in the contract panel.
2. Queue Propose Bilateral Contract (106). Once executed, the proposal waits for acceptance for up to 24 turns. Quantity is 1–255 and duration is 1–240 turns. The specified bounds constrain the fixed unit price.
3. The buyer executes Accept Bilateral Contract (107) and deposits one turn’s payment. The active contract settles against physical Freighter deliveries; acceptance does not deliver all resources for the entire contract at once.
4. Either party may queue Cancel Bilateral Contract (108). War, port policies, changed or lost ports or routes, insufficient Funds and expiry can also end a contract. Check its status and remaining duration, and refresh the page before acting after conditions change.

4.5a Periodic shipments

Dispatched periodic cargo also follows the separate contract capacity and handover rules.

In the development screen’s diplomacy panel, the seller uses Offer Periodic Shipment (129). Choose the partner, goods and quantity per shipment, payment per shipment, receiving port and seller freight limit. Goods include food and eight resources; the quantity limit matches diplomatic exchange. The input form shows an interval estimate using the same calculation as offer submission. The interval is calculated and saved when the offer is submitted, from one-way land travel or travel by the standard freighter. Terrain or port changes before submission may change the result; changes after submission do not change the saved interval. An offer expires after 10 turns. The seller can Withdraw Periodic Offer (131) only before acceptance; the buyer can reject with the same command. After an acceptance or refusal is saved, the buttons disappear on the next display. Removing that command from the plan before execution restores the buttons while the offer is still valid. AI countries neither offer nor accept.

When the buyer submits Accept Periodic Shipment (130) with its freight limit, the agreement runs for 36 turns and cannot be cancelled. Each normal receiving port holds up to 10 agreements, and each large port up to 20. Insufficient goods or payment, war and embargo skip one dispatch, record it, and advance to the next scheduled turn. Loss of a port also skips dispatch without ending the agreement. Goods already dispatched use the existing diplomatic land or sea transport and cannot be used until arrival. The diplomacy panel lists the partner, goods, quantity, payment, interval, remaining turns and next dispatch turn.

4.6 Limit orders, Exchange and Auction

In the current version, limit order and Exchange commands cannot be newly executed. Because the private economy (4.7) is always running, Limit Sell (82), Limit Buy (83), Post Exchange Offer (85) and Bid on Exchange (86) are not executed, and the private sector trades between nations automatically. The descriptions below are kept for when these commands reopen. Auctions (92 and 93) were rebuilt in 1.65 to sell treasury goods (4.6a).

• Limit Sell (82) sells when the effective price reaches the minimum; Limit Buy (83) buys when it is at or below the maximum. Sale price is world price ×0.7; purchase price is ×1.25. Purchases are capped at 1 per resource per turn. Newly queued settings take effect for a later turn’s limit-order phase because that phase precedes commands.
• Post Exchange Offer (85) and Bid on Exchange (86) arrange resource-for-resource exchange. After matching, send an empty buyer Freighter to the seller’s Port; exchange settles at pickup and the ship carries the goods home. A bid specifies the offered amount of the requested resource and must exceed the current best bid.

4.6a Auctions

A nation can put treasury goods (the eight resources and food) up for auction, and other nations bid. In the auction box on the Trade and ports tab of the development screen, enter the item, quantity, minimum price (total) and period; this puts List for Auction (92) at the top of the plan. When the command runs, the quantity is held from the treasury. From the table of open lots in the same box, enter an amount for a lot to Place Auction Bid (93). The bid amount and a freight share are also held from the treasury and go back at once when another nation bids higher. Neither command uses up the turn.

On the closing turn the highest bid wins. A bid made when fewer than 2 turns remain moves the closing turn later (a limited number of times). The goods travel by land or merchant ship, the same way as diplomatic transport between nations, and the held payment goes to the seller when they arrive. The buyer pays the freight out of the held freight share, and what is not used goes back to the buyer. If pirates steal part of the goods on the way, the seller is paid only for what arrives. If they cannot be delivered, the goods go back to the seller (except any lost at sea) and the payment and the rest of the freight share go back to the buyer. Without bids, the goods go back to the seller. You cannot bid on a lot of a nation you are at war with or preparing war against, a nation under embargo, or a nation with a closed port. AI nations also list surplus goods and bid for goods they lack. The period, extension, minimum raise, freight share, number of open lots and other figures are in the Auctions section of Game Settings.

4.7 Private economy (automatic)

Private operators build and sail automatically. Each port tile may be home to one cruise ship at most; the national limit is the number of ports. Private operators build a new ship only when it is expected to pay (rule below); existing ships keep sailing. Private cash pays construction; national funds and cargo handling slots are unused. An actual voyage to a different permitted port earns tourism revenue once for the owning private sector. Revenue per call falls as more cruise ships sail the world. Construction at home and continued waiting earn nothing; returning home after another port qualifies. At the cash cap, payment remains due and sailing waits; unpaid claims survive sinking. Losing the home port pauses the ship without changing ownership. A vanished owner has its hulls removed. Ships approach the destination through neighboring empty sea or shallows and take a detour by the rule below when one is needed. The military action Cruise is separate; there are no national control orders. Military capability-table costs and speeds do not apply. After normal naval actions, cruise ships sail and receive call revenue, then each ship rolls at most once per turn for nearby surviving neutral pirates. Docked and paused ships are also exposed. A successful raid either sinks the ship or steals a share of its latest unlooted call revenue, capped by private cash on hand. Fractions below one thousandth of a fund are rounded down; no revenue or cash means zero loss. National funds and bank deposits are untouched. Sinking alone does not confiscate past paid revenue. Construction 100 funds, speed 2 cells/turn, HP 3. Revenue per new call is 10 funds × 10 ÷ (10 + other cruise ships in the world): half when 10 other cruise ships exist. Private operators build a new ship only when its expected revenue over the 20 turns after construction covers the construction cost. The expectation is the expected number of calls times the revenue of one call once the new ship is counted. The number of calls comes from the distance between the home and destination ports and the speed. When the country's cruise ships have a record of the last 20 turns worth at least one ship for 20 turns, and that record shows fewer calls per ship, the record is used. When no neighboring cell is closer to the destination, a ship searches for a detour with the same route search as merchant ships and follows the route it found to the end (searches of stopped ships, together with private merchant ships without a way home, are at most 4 per turn in the whole world; once every 4 turns per cruise ship). No new ship is built at a port with only one free water cell. The destination is chosen only among ports reachable by water, the shortest sailing time first. The 3 nearest ports in straight distance get a route-length estimate (at most 8 estimates per turn in the whole world). A port reachable only through another port, or whose way in is taken by ships, is not chosen. When none of them has a route, or no estimate is left, the next nearest port by straight distance is taken and the choice is made again after 4 turns; a stopped ship that finds no detour also chooses again then. Pirate settings: hex distance at most 1, raid chance 25% per turn, sinking in 10% of successful raids; otherwise 50% of unlooted revenue is stolen.

Each nation has a private sector separate from its treasury. The private sector holds its own cash and stock and takes national commands for trade alliance membership. Deposits, withdrawals, borrowing and repayment are handled automatically by the private sector. Purchases, sales and shipping also remain its own decisions.At every turn update it looks only at public information (terrain, Ports, policies, prices, and every nation’s private cash and stock) and decides its own purchases, sales and shipping. Private sectors in AI nations work the same way; in AI nations, export limits to the private sector are also set automatically every turn.

When a private sector could not buy the same resource from anyone for two turns in a row, it buys that resource from the world market at 1.25 times the world price, up to half of the capped target based on recent consumption per turn and within its cash. Resources with no consumption are not bought from the world market; the minimum holding target applies only when buying from domestic or foreign sellers.

Long supply agreements Private sectors automatically make long agreements, carried by private ships, between a nation that has lacked an item for 2 turns in a row and a nation that has had at least 16 spare units of it for 2 turns in a row. The partner is chosen from that turn's expected private sea trades; while slots remain, the search widens to nations with a surplus that are not among those trades (up to 8 pairs get a sea-route check per turn, with at most 4 new route searches; remembered routes are used first, and a partner that cannot be reached right now because ships crowd the way is skipped that turn). Each delivery is at most one ship's load and no more than the buyer's private sector can pay for all deliveries with its current cash; the interval is the round trip of the route (at least 4 turns), and there are 2 deliveries. The price stays at the trade price of the day the agreement was made, and payment is made on delivery. Agreement ships leave before ordinary trades, and the selling private sector keeps back the next delivery. If a delivery has not arrived by its deadline (the interval plus 3 turns of grace), the side that failed (normally the seller; the buyer if its private sector lacked the cash or storage) pays 10% of the remaining value to the other private sector, and the agreement ends. A breach is kept in the diplomatic record. When pirates take agreement cargo, it is not a breach: the taken amount counts as delivered and the agreement continues (nothing is resent, the buyer pays only for what arrives, the seller loses the cargo, and both nations are told). If war, an embargo, a port closure or similar stops ordinary trade, the agreement stops without a penalty. Allowed partners and goods are chosen under Trade and ports on the development screen (everything is allowed at first; changes do not end agreements already made). The agreements are listed there and on the All trades page. The numbers are in the settings list.

Because the private economy is always running, legacy trade commands (80–83, 85, 86, 104–108, 118, 119, 121, 122), building a Freighter with Build Ship (69), Export Food (42) and the legacy aid commands (43, 44) cannot be newly executed and do not appear in the command list. Reserve Aid (50), even in worlds with diplomacy, can be sent only to an ally in your camp whose land borders yours, and it arrives at once; allies in your camp that do not border you by land can receive reserves through national aid (123), item “Reserves”, carried through separate contract transport. Plans that still contain them show “This legacy logistics command cannot be executed.” The remaining national controls are Build Trade Facility (78), Set Port Access (102), Set Port Tariff (103), Port transit fee (120), Set Checkpoint Policy (91), “Export limits to the private sector” on the Development screen, and “Diplomatic aid and exchange” (123–126) in the port and market panel.

Money and goods move through the private sector as follows.

Contract ships and national merchants carry return cargo from the same contract. The cargo owner pays per voyage and each arrival is handed over immediately. Private trading ships are not hired. See the capacity, freight and expiry rules.

Seasonal ocean currents Applies to all state and private merchants; warships are unaffected. Each open-sea cell has one current: east, west, northeast, northwest, southeast, southwest, or none. Current bands shift in position, width and strength each season, retaining the coastal warm/cold pattern without reversing the whole circulation. The basic flow runs east or west by climate belt; only a narrow band just north of the equator flows east (equatorial countercurrent). When large land lies a short distance ahead of the flow, the current turns north or south along the coast. With land to the west (the east coast of a continent), tropical and subtropical flow turns toward the pole (north in the northern half, south in the southern half) and becomes a warm current. With land to the east (the west coast of a continent), temperate and subtropical flow turns toward the equator and becomes a cold current. The subtropical belt has no east-west flow, but it turns at both coasts in the same way, so the flow goes all the way around. If the next cell in the turned direction is land, the current takes the other diagonal along the coast; if both are land, there is no current. Small islands do not turn the current; it flows around them. The equator row does not turn. Open sea is the part of the largest sea where most nearby cells are water. Narrower channels and river mouths count as rivers, and water not connected to the largest sea counts as a closed sea; neither has a current. A move within 60 degrees of the current at the starting cell follows it; a move 120 degrees or more away opposes it. River edges use the class-specific river costs first. The table below shows whether shoals are included; both small and large merchants may enter them. Base cost is 2 in deep water and 4 on shoals. Large merchants still require level-2 ports for cargo handling. Lower costs allow more distance within the same budget. Even against the flow, an available adjacent empty landing permits at least one step, exhausting the remaining budget when necessary. Fractions do not carry over to the next turn. Outward, return and backhaul estimates use the same costs as movement. Currents do not change fuel consumption. Following: base minus 1. Opposing: base plus 1. Minimum: 1. Each turn: base speed times 2 budget units. The basic bands follow the fixed climate rows; seasonal currents shift and widen them slightly. On a 90-row map, distance from the equator at y=45 is tropical 0-9, subtropical 10-19, temperate 20-32, subpolar 33-40 and polar 41-45 (one row is about 2 degrees of latitude; smaller y is north); other map sizes use the same proportions. The table below shows the east-west flow of each belt. Tropical: East to west. Subtropical: No current. Temperate: West to east. Subpolar: No current. Polar: East to west. Equatorial countercurrent (west to east): Rows counted north from the equator (2,3). Turning distance at continents: Large land within 3 cells ahead of the flow. Large land: 100 or more connected land cells (small islands do not turn the current). Open sea: At least 10 water cells within 2 cells (19 cells including itself). Current strength is 0.8–1.2 times normal and scales the following/opposing adjustments below, keeping the minimum cost. Wind adds no separate sailing cost. Upwelling, warm/cold fronts and water temperature determine fertility F (0.8–1.2), applied only to nearshore and distant fish recovery and rounded to the nearest integer, never directly to catch. The suitable temperatures, 10–26 C nearshore and 5–20 C offshore, are game assumptions. Nearshore stocks use the sea next to their port; distant stocks use the ground average. Distant grounds are reconsidered at the four seasonal boundaries each year (turns 8, 20, 32, 44, and so on), following fronts, upwelling and cold currents. Fish remain in their sea cells; a new centre never refills them. Newly included cells with no recorded stock start at zero and recover through the usual rule. Cells outside a ground keep their stock without recovery until included again. Reduced capacity never discards fish; recovery pauses while stock is at or above capacity. Once at the season boundary, distant boats whose target leaves their ground check nearby alternatives within the existing search limit and select the reachable route with the lowest civilian sailing cost and sufficient remaining fuel. If none is found, they return home with their cargo. Nearshore fishing rules are unchanged.

Each turn, the treasury automatically buys resources it lacks from its own private sector. AI nations and human nations set to Match current needs may buy all nine resources. For non-food resources, the target is the greater of the existing reserve and six turns of recent consumption. Food is bought up to twenty turns of current population and soldier consumption only when treasury food falls below that level. Human nations default to Previous reserve targets, which keeps the former five-resource behavior; owners can change this in their policy form. Treasury food may be sold to the private sector only above twenty-four turns of consumption. Spending is limited to the smaller of 10% of treasury funds and the amount above 1,000. Supplies reserved for ships are excluded, and resources purchased this turn are not sold back to the private sector. Nobody can command private ships. The only way for a treasury to exchange resources or Funds with another nation’s treasury is diplomatic aid and exchange. Diplomatic aid (123) is transported after the contract is established; an exchange takes effect when the partner answers Propose diplomatic exchange (124) with Accept diplomatic exchange (125). From 1.64, AI nations may accept exchanges from nations sharing a direct land border. A proposal is eligible only when its received value at world prices covers the value given plus the AI nation’s transport cost, necessary cash and goods remain in reserve, and receipt fits treasury limits and the delivery deadline. War, embargoes and blocked land passage exclude a partner; the AI transport budget is zero. Each nation issues at most one new acceptance per turn, with existing human diplomatic orders taking priority. The AI responds at its next turn decision, never in the turn that executes the proposal. Unselected proposals remain until expiry, and each arriving shipment is handed over and can be used immediately. No Tariff applies. Shipments cross land borders or travel by paid ship transport over sea, so delivery takes several turns and can stall on the way.

4.7a Contract transport

Land transport uses borders where land cells touch. Shoals, offshore oilfields, breakwaters, sea mines and ships do not count as land connections; onshore oilfields still count. Transit through another nation requires connected land between its entry and exit shores. Cargo continues from the shore it reached, without jumping to another island. If no land route exists, sea transport is sought; cargo waits if no usable port or ship is available. Older cargo whose holding shore cannot be identified is returned once to its owner’s stock in the first transport processing after this update; reserve troops return to the owner’s reserves. Both parties receive private notices, and the sender can arrange a new shipment under these rules. Located cargo still waits if no route is available.

1. Aid, exchanges, periodic deliveries and auction handovers use ships, port handling and border capacity separate from private trade. They do not hire private ships or reduce private capacity.
2. Default capacity per turn is 64 containers per border pair, 256 per small port and 2048 per large port, with up to 15 contract ships per nation. One contract may use one third of each limit: 21 at a border, 85 at a small port, 682 at a large port and 5 ships. All contracts together may use the full limits. The private border limit of 64 is separate.
3. An idle national merchant beside the cargo owner’s loading port is used first, without freight for its own national cargo. Any shortfall is served immediately by contract ships with no construction charge. Both ports large: a large merchant (2048 containers); otherwise a small merchant (256). Ship numbers match the handling capacity available to that contract.
4. Contract ships and national merchants shuttle between the two ports, taking home cargo outward and the same contract’s opposite cargo back. National merchants can also carry the partner’s cargo.
5. Freight uses upkeep, food, fuel and approach charges, with voyage days calculated from ship speed. The cargo owner pays per voyage; an empty voyage is paid by the nation that supplied the ship. A partner using a national merchant pays freight to its owner nation. Payment uses held freight first, then the treasury. If both are insufficient, the voyage waits at port with an insufficient-freight reason. Unused held freight is refunded when the contract ends.
6. Each arrival is handed over that turn, including a proportional money transfer. An exchange does not wait for the other side to arrive. Cargo exceeding the recipient’s storage limit waits at port.
7. An aid (123) voyage unloads at the recipient’s navy port only when the recipient has no ordinary port with a route (a port whose handling level fits the ship and whose entrance water is free). A usable ordinary port is always used first. A navy port is never a loading port: the sender still loads at an ordinary port. A contract ship that unloaded at a navy port sails back empty to the sender’s port if the sender has more cargo waiting, and is otherwise dismantled there. A navy port handles as much as a small port. Periodic deliveries, auction handovers and exchanges keep using ordinary ports only (settings list: aid receipt at navy ports, 1 = on, 0 = off). A voyage dispatched to a navy port keeps that destination even if an ordinary port becomes usable while it is sailing.
8. At expiry or cancellation, unshipped cargo returns to its owner; cargo already sailing continues to delivery. Completed handovers remain valid. Contract ships are scrapped after the last unloading, or at their current port if empty. National merchants are retained. Existing war-related blocking rules remain in force.
9. Submitting aid (123), an exchange offer (124) or acceptance (125) checks whether both directions can finish by the turn before expiry, using capacity, ships, speed and return voyages. An impossible quantity or missing route is rejected with the maximum quantity, estimated freight for each nation and the reason. Treasury balance alone does not cause rejection.
10. Previously accepted contracts continue under the new capacity rules with their original expiry and are not rejected by a new submission estimate. Cargo already sailing on a previously hired private ship is delivered by that ship.
11. If neither a ship’s position nor the quantity delivered changes for 6 consecutive turns, the voyage is cancelled and the cargo returns through a sender port; if the ship cannot return, it keeps the cargo aboard and continues waiting.

The nation information panel on the sightseeing page shows diplomatic event counts by type, up to ten recent events (turn, type and counterpart nation or faction ID), and the turn when recording began. Records distinguish declaring war from receiving a declaration; voluntary faction departure, expulsion, dissolution and nation disappearance; personal cancellation before and after agreement; expiry; transport failure; breach of a long supply agreement; and accepted exchange or periodic trade agreements. An event is recorded once when it takes effect, not when a command is entered. Transport failure is recorded when any remaining cargo returns or is otherwise settled and the failure becomes final. Cancellation, including a periodic trade buyer's rejection, is recorded for the acting nation only; agreement acceptance, expiry and transport failure are recorded for both nations. Exchange and periodic trade records also show the offer number and type. A breach of a long supply agreement is recorded for the nation that failed only. Items, quantities, amounts and confidential terms are not shown. These records add no reputation penalty score or automatic entry into war. Events are recorded from the first one that happens after 1.64 is installed (that turn is the recording start turn); events before the recording start turn are not reconstructed.

When the treasury buys a shortage from the world market, the part of its unchanged total invoice above the goods’ base world price is paid to its domestic private economy as an import service fee, including invoice rounding. Any amount that cannot fit under the private cash cap remains an external expense; it does not discount the treasury payment. This fee is not added again to domestic goods trades, private world purchases, or ship freight and refueling.

An AI treasury buys ammunition toward three turns of full army and warship fire in peace, or six turns during war or a threat of attack (at least 10, or 30 under a defensive policy). During active war, AI treasuries buy ammunition from their private sector before fuel, within the existing budget. In active war, human and AI nations can buy up to 12 ammunition per turn from the world at 1.25 times the market price. The peacetime cap stays at 4; fuel and industrial goods keep their existing caps.

Since 1.66, human nations choosing “Match current needs” also aim to buy back 3 turns of a full army and warship volley in peace, or 6 turns during war, a pending declaration or a home threat this turn. The target is the greatest of that amount, six turns of recent use and at least 10 (30 under a defensive policy). “Up to reserve targets” keeps its previous rules. Army ammunition is strength divided by 100, rounded up per unit; each warship uses its type’s shots times ammunition per shot.

What a player can influence:

• Build Ports (Build Trade Facility, 78). A private sector without a Port can neither sell nor buy by sea. Set Port Access (102) also applies to private trade: if either nation is closed there is no sea trade, and friends-only allows members of the same military Faction or trade alliance. War, embargoes and Port closures take precedence.
• Set Tariffs (Set Port Tariff, 103: 0–30%, also per partner nation). Tariffs on goods imported by the private sector become treasury income.
• Grow cities and markets. Market capacity (built-in city markets plus Market facilities; 4.3) determines how much households buy. Working Factories add Industrial Goods to the treasury, which the private sector can buy within the export limits.
• Keep treasury stock and open “Export limits to the private sector”. The private sector can buy from the state only through its own treasury, so with an empty treasury or a limit of 0 it can sell only what it bought from other private sectors. New human nations default to Sell surplus. Previous quantities uses the former limits, such as Food 60 and Industrial Goods 6; previously saved settings remain in effect. When private imports exceed exports, selling treasury surplus gives the private sector goods to export. A negative Trade Net Balance in Statistics signals too few goods to sell.
• Embargoes with Set Checkpoint Policy (91), and war. There is no new land or sea trade with an embargoed nation or a nation at war. When war is declared, private land cargo in transit between the two nations is seized into the buyer nation’s treasury, and the buyer’s private sector gets its payment back. Land cargo under embargo waits until the embargo is lifted. Sea cargo is not seized, but if it cannot be unloaded for 6 turns the ship returns to the seller’s Port and the buyer’s private sector gets its payment back.

The private sector aims to hold four turns of each nation’s recent consumption, with a floor of 256 for Wood, Stone and Ore, 32 for Steel, 128 for other resources, and a ceiling of 4,096.

What to expect: private income comes from household sales and sales to other nations’ private sectors. Where the treasury sells little to the private sector, the private sector has little to sell and earns slowly. Merchant ships are built only when the private sector can pay for the ship and one round trip and a profitable route exists; from the second ship on, the profit must repay the ship price within 24 voyages. When a Port is busy, state handling goes first and the private sector uses the remaining capacity. At the first turn update after the 1.64 upgrade, the private sector of each human nation is topped up to 8,000 ×100M JPY in cash and to 1,024 Industrial Goods, 2,048 Food, and 512 Fuel of domestic stock (configurable).

Frequently asked questions

• Can I move private ships myself? No. The private sector decides construction, routes and cargo. The “Private merchant ships and sea transport” table on the Development screen shows each ship’s position, cargo, destination and status.
• I have Factories, but no Industrial Goods are produced. See “Subsistence agriculture and industry populations” in 4.2. Up to 45,000 people per nation go to subsistence agriculture first, and the rest are assigned to mining and then Factories. Even with fewer than 10,000 workers left for Factories, fractional work carries over until it totals one batch. No work accumulates if agriculture and mining use everyone. Without Industrial Goods, the private sector has no Industrial Goods to sell either.
• Can the treasury buy Fuel from the private sector?Yes. Each turn, the treasury automatically buys toward its reserve target if the private sector has saleable stock and the treasury has enough spending room.
• Where can I see private cash? The “Private economy and logistics” table on the Statistics screen lists each nation’s “Private cash and escrow”, “Private financial assets”, “Tariff revenue”, “Private ships” and more (money in ×100M JPY, ships as hulls). “Private land trade and bilateral embargoes” on the Development screen shows whether trade with each partner is allowed, trade forecasts, and the land cargo in transit and recent trades in which your nation is the seller or the buyer (the 10 newest). Private trades of the whole world are on the “All trades” page in the common links.

5. Military

For troop and fleet controls and combat rules, see Military rules. Check the current values in Settings.

6. Factions

6.1 Creation, application and approval

An unaffiliated nation can use Create Faction (100), paying 1,000 ×100M JPY to form a Faction with itself as Leader. Up to 8 Factions may exist at once, and a nation may formally belong to only one. Enter the requested details in the Faction panel and queue the action.

Joining follows Apply to Faction (94), then approval by the Leader through Review Faction Application (96). Pending applicants are not members. Applications expire after 12 turns and can be withdrawn with Cancel Faction Application (95). Check both the plan and Faction status after submission; Faction operations are finalized at turn end.

An AI-led Faction rejects applications from nations with at least 2 recorded departures, expulsions, or diplomatic cancellations after agreement during the past 48 turns. Human applicants undergo the same review.

6.2 Leaving, expulsion and dissolution

Leave Faction (97) and Expel from Faction (98) preserve membership until turn-end settlement. After leaving, expulsion or dissolution, rejoining is subject to a 6-turn wait measured from the settlement turn. Transfer Faction Leadership (99) is also available through the Faction panel.

A Leader can announce dissolution through Manage Faction (101). Membership and the meeting room remain during a 3-turn grace period, and the Leader may cancel the notice. If more than half of the other formal members request replacement, leadership passes to the longest-standing requester, breaking ties by smallest nation ID, and dissolution is canceled. Replacement is checked before dissolution even on the deadline turn.

6.3 Meeting room and Faction map

The Faction meeting room and shared map require authentication as a formal member. An application alone does not grant access. Use the shared map for Faction information and the room for discussion. The public Faction-color map and authenticated shared information have different access rules. Dissolution archives the meeting room. The private Faction map, opened by an authenticated full member, combines sight from all member nations. Enemy land units and warships outside your own sight become visible if another member can see them under shared land and naval reconnaissance, retaining each observer type’s range. Your normal nation screen still uses only your own sight; it does not combine Faction sight. The Faction screen also shows each member’s leader name, Funds, Food and first 15 queued plans. Anyone, including visitors, can read the public Diplomacy and Chat Board; sign in with a country password to post. The faction board is restricted to formal members. The public board shows Diplomacy above Chat; the faction board shows Faction diplomacy above Internal notices. Each section shows 10 threads ordered by the latest post. Use View all threads in this category to browse further pages. Choose a category when starting a thread; replies inherit it. Older faction threads without a category appear under Internal notices. The creator can change the category when editing the first post with its deletion key. Letters exchanged with other factions use a separate screen.

7. Turn processing order

The safety limit is reached when the combined land area of all nations is at least 95% of the world's land (national land plus unowned land). Warships, merchant ships, fishing boats, cruise ships and other vessels count toward neither area. Areas are counted each turn before commands are processed. By default, the meteorite rate rises from 1% to 2.3% and the huge meteorite rate from 0% to 0.2% (one third of the previous increase, rounded to the nearest part per thousand). Land reclamation is controlled by a separate setting and is forbidden by default. See the settings list for the current threshold and rates.

Events within a turn are not simultaneous. Nation processing order is chosen afresh each turn. The main sequence for a normal turn is below.

1. Prepare rule-AI plans from the completed pre-update world, including assistance for eligible LLM nations.
2. Advance time, turn number and logs; initialize resource accounting, reclamation checks and Faction, navy and market state. Check contracts and deposits, accumulate developed extraction facilities and process neutral-enemy spawning.
3. Choose nation order and update friendship and war status. Process each nation’s census, income and consumption, industries, existing limit orders and ship supply, then run early Destroyer attacks and movement.
4. Process queued commands from the front. Normally processing continues through 0-turn commands until a turn-consuming command resolves. Failure handling also depends on settings, so check the execution log.
5. Freighter port handling → Destroyers with queued Hold or steering → port handling → growth and per-hex disasters → normal naval attack and movement → port handling → land occupation, attack and movement.
6. Resolve nation-wide and world-wide events and disasters, withdrawals, ownership and terrain adjustments, financial post-processing, capital status and national survival.
7. Settle country markets together, then finalize Faction operations. Clean up abandoned territory, sort by population and check victory or end records.
8. Back up, match Exchange offers, settle Auctions, update world prices and finalize resource accounting, then save the world. Statistics and public logs are updated too.

This order means a newly built processing facility misses that update’s industry phase. Market consignments are collected during travel and settled later, so distinguish arrival estimates from the final settlement.

8. Using the screens

8.1 Home page

• Use the world map to inspect the world and founding sites, changing coordinates or the view center to inspect an area.
• Read the selected cell’s owner, population and resources in terrain details. Nations share the same map rather than separate island maps.
• Use Faction status to check leaders, members and state; use nation status for population, economy, military information and comments.
• Select your nation, enter its password and use the Standard Mode, New Mode (Beta) or LLM Mode entry to open development.
• “Warships”, next to “Losses” in the country table, is the public total of DD through SS. State and private merchants are excluded. Counts use the observation for each update; old observations without a count show “—”.

8.2 Development screen

1. Confirm target coordinates using the map and terrain details. The military information area places the army on the left and navy on the right and can be expanded or collapsed.
2. Choose a command and fill in the quantity, coordinates, target nation and other fields as its description requests. Quantity may mean a ship type, direction or setting rather than a repetition count.
3. Insert or overwrite commands, check their order and submit the plan. Do not leave after editing alone; verify the saved plan after the submission is accepted.
4. Below military information are Faction, port and market, and Bilateral Contract controls. Check the plan and post-update state for actions queued by these forms too. Comments, names and AI Policy have their own save controls.

8.3 Sightseeing, Statistics, messages and Settings

Sightseeing shows another nation’s public map, recent events and visitor messages. Troops and private logs visible to an owner are not necessarily public. Statistics compares nation rankings and recorded trends. The visitor-message list collects national guestbook communications and is separate from the Faction meeting room. Statistics offers five History charts: Population + troops / Population / Troops / Area / National power. History is kept for the latest 120 turns. Troops include reserves and deployed or embarked troops, excluding wounded troops. National power uses the national score (P). Lines break at unrecorded observations. Countries can be removed from charts only after turn 35. On turns 36–69, an extinct nation is excluded if it is absent (counted as zero) in every record from turn 35 through the current turn; from turn 70 onward, the same check uses the latest 35 turns. A reappearance or missing record keeps the nation on the chart. Existing nations remain visible even with zero Troops or National power.

Everyday chat and contact: join our Discord (Discord)

Settings provides detailed terrain, command, resource, unit and ship tables. Use this guide to learn the workflow, and Settings to look up numerical parameters and conditions.

9. Language selection

Use the page header to choose Japanese, English or Traditional Chinese. On game pages, a language in the URL overrides the saved Cookie; the selected language is stored in HAKOS_LANG. Language-specific links still work without that Cookie. Enable browser Cookies for login and saved preferences.

Language links within this help open the matching static page; switching help pages alone does not change your Cookie. Each help page’s Home link returns to the game with that page’s language selected.

Nation and ruler names have optional English (en) and Traditional Chinese (zh) fields. If provided, they are used for that language; blank fields fall back to the original name. This is not automatic translation, so player names and free-form messages may remain in another language.

10. AI and LLM

10.1 AI nations and assistance

Nations marked 【AI】 use a rule-based planner. LLM nations accept plans submitted by a person or an external LLM. If an LLM nation has no effective queued commands, or no new plan submission since the last update, rule AI supplies a plan at the next update. Ordinary human nations do not receive this assistance.

On a turn assisted by AI, the nation list shows “LLM (AI assisting)”. Plan-source markers are H for human, L for LLM and A for AI. Check the resulting plan and execution log after assistance.

CPU defence and plan revision (R02)

Rule AI and AI fallback for LLM nations follow the shared levelling rule that forbids levelling mines and use their own command failures in later decisions. Defence takes priority over the first port or factory when war is declared against the nation or visible enemy troops, excluding friendly and allied nations, are on home territory, or combat strength is insufficient during fighting. Offensive targets pause during defence or a budget shortage; three consecutive budget shortages cancel the target by default. Full AI control and the conditions for LLM fallback remain unchanged.

Plans preserve committed money and resources and avoid conflicting missions for the same fleet or corps. Before selection, the estimate conservatively counts the next consumption only and adds no future production to spendable stock. Candidate counts and searches also have limits.

Defaults (not the current values after customization): weak-strength ratio 0.8; consecutive budget shortages 3; candidates 64; candidate floor per system 1; forecast candidates 1; forecast turns 1; search cells 97,200 and search calls 16; stored mission groups 1; war preparation food 6 turns and cash 300 Funds. These values can be changed together in one settings block.

For nonemergency peacetime drafting, including war preparation, ordinary policies require farm and industrial workers to fill at least 80% of jobs and stop when a population decline is observed from the previous value. Military and pioneer personalities waive the worker requirement, but all personalities check population decline and food shortage risk. Total troops as a share of population are capped at military 120%, pioneer 80%, balanced 70% and merchant 50% (defensive and idle use 70%). Food balance after drafting is estimated production minus consumption by people, troops and ships. A deficit requires at least 20 turns of food remaining after drafting and a gap of at least 4 turns between drafts. Drafting to replenish reserves below 5,000 (internal value 50) remains unchanged. Other drafts follow these rules during war preparation; a threat alone does not waive them. These restrictions do not apply during war. The population-based peacetime army goal below also triggers routine drafting.

Policy-driven farm expansion pauses when food covers at least 20 turns of population and troop needs and the food balance is in surplus. A deficit keeps farm expansion available even with ample stocks; below 20 turns, the existing rules apply. A CPU nation whose food exceeds 30 turns of what its population and troops eat adds no farms even in deficit. Under every policy, a nation with 0 industrial workers and vacant jobs prioritizes developing villages and towns over adding factories, farms or mines.

At peace without a threat of attack, the AI considers mercenary export (command 52) when at least 2 of these conditions hold: troops above the personality cap, a food deficit, or farm and industrial workers below 80% of jobs. Military must include the above-cap condition. Sales use whole 10,000-person lots, at most 10% of reserves per turn, retaining 5,000 reserves (internal value 50) and the deployed capital guard. These numbers are configurable. These rules apply to rule AI and its assistance for LLM nations; they do not change external LLM decisions or ordinary human control.

For fuel exchanges between CPUs, the provider checks its own reserves, useful payment, freight costs and benefit before disclosing only a limited quantity, payment resource and amount, and freight budget. It does not share whole inventories, hidden troops or plans. Human nations’ private information is excluded except for access already granted by formal permissions. Exchanges also use separate contract transport, national merchants first and contract ships without construction fees for the shortfall. The same contract supplies return cargo. Cargo owners pay per voyage and arrivals are immediately usable. See contract transport.

AI nations keep ammunition according to the size of their troops and the firepower of their warships: three full volleys in peace and six during war or a threat of attack. After declaring or receiving a declaration, including the waiting period, or seeing foreign troops near the capital or on home territory, they stop selling ammunition and fuel to their private sector until 12 turns have passed since the last threat. Human export rules do not change.

When a nation across the mountains declares war, AI nations place guards in advance at possible tunnel exits.

During war or a threat of attack, and also in peace for defensive or military policies, AI nations with ammunition below their reserve target upgrade munitions factories first, then build more once all existing factories reach the maximum level. They consider at most one upgrade or new factory per turn until production reaches half a full volley, provided materials, funds and workers are available.

Rule AI and its assistance for LLM nations do not propose land reclamation. When no adjacent neutral land can be developed and no usable home plain or wasteland remains, military personalities choose war, while pioneer, balanced and merchant personalities choose overseas expansion. Defensive military nations choose overseas expansion instead. If no visible neutral destination or coast suitable for a naval port is available, balanced nations choose war, while pioneer and merchant nations focus on trade and domestic work. The AI prepares a Naval Port, one warship able to carry a unit, then an occupying unit, one step per turn. For overseas expansion, the AI selects one visible, nearby unowned land cell, gathers one occupying unit beside one warship, boards with command 74, sails to adjacent water with 71, and lands on an empty cell with 75. Existing land army rules then occupy and expand around it. No escort is required for a peaceful neutral landing; war and return to port take priority. Joint wartime operations share the boarding step but still require an escort and land only on the opponent's territory. Aggressive nations consider a new declaration about every 12 turns regardless of land; neutral nations that choose war because of a shortage do so about every 24 turns. A declaration still requires preparation, and defensive nations do not declare war.

CPU nations (the rule AI and the AI stand-in for LLM nations) build mines (command 14) on deposits shown on the public map, in their own cells and in unowned cells touching their territory. When a resource is short they build as before and also consider a second facility beside extraction (79). Even with enough stock, when 1,000 Funds remain after the cost and the new mine gets workers (at least 1,000 people remain after farms and current mines, and miners stay within half of the workers outside farms), they build a mine or raise a staffed Mine or Oilfield (command 128), at most once every 3 turns (new deposits first; on a turn that would otherwise do nothing, without waiting). Uranium waits for the research. Under the current rules mines take workers before factories, so these workers move from factories or commerce. When expanding into neutral land they prefer cells near land deposits that do not yet touch their territory (offshore Oil is not counted). A deposit on wasteland is not levelled; they take it with command 14. A CPU nation whose food exceeds 30 turns of what its population and troops eat adds no farms even in deficit, takes neutral plains by levelling, and creates mine jobs for people without work. During that time its worker order also changes: mines and factories (including Refineries and Munitions Factories) take workers before farms and townspeople's farming, and farming gets the people left over. At 30 turns or less, farms and townspeople's farming come first again as before. The order is decided once per nation at the start of each turn, so food falls by at most one turn's worth per turn and never runs out. The numbers are settings. The rules and controls of human nations are unchanged.

On a turn when a CPU nation has no other turn-using command and would only raise funds, it picks one alternative in this order if it can pay (after the idle-turn resource development). 1. Expand into unowned land. 2. Take a neighbouring nation's Plains, Farm, Factory or Wasteland with a build, extension or levelling command, not by war (highest value after taking first; never from camp, friendship-treaty, trade-alliance or coalition partners or friendly nations, never a cell with visible troops or a Wasteland with a deposit; taken Plains become forest). 3. Prepare a naval port, a ship and troops, and send troops by ship to unowned land across the sea. 4. Build its first port on coastal Plains if it has none. 5. Turn unguarded border Plains into forest. Only when none is possible does it raise funds.

CPU nations add Ports when ships cannot enter a full port or are diverted to a free port within 2 cells. Congestion must occur for 2 consecutive turns within the latest 10 turns, after the previous Port or Naval Port construction plan. They add Naval Ports during war or when a visible hostile warship is within 2 cells of their coast. The limits are 4 Ports and 2 Naval Ports in peace, or 3 Naval Ports during war. Ports and Naval Ports share an interval of at least 10 turns between construction plans, including plans that fail. Expansion needs at least 4 turns of food and the existing cost, materials and reserves; emergency work comes first. The existing conditions for first ports and overseas preparation still apply, along with the common construction interval. The numbers are in the settings list.

New Ports and Naval Ports cannot be built next to each other, regardless of ownership. CPU warships and troops avoid water beside their own Ports and move to free cells if already there. CPUs rebuild their own Naval Ports adjoining any Port, one at a time, at sites meeting the normal cost and spacing rules. The new Naval Port is built first; warship return destinations are redirected before the old Naval Port becomes shallows. CPUs wait if funds or free sites are insufficient. Existing human Naval Ports remain.

Naval Port spacing: no new Naval Port can be built next to any Naval Port (the six surrounding cells), whoever owns it; this includes Naval Ports on fish farms and CPU rebuilds. A refused command costs nothing. Naval Ports that already adjoin each other remain. CPUs do not choose water beside a Naval Port as a site.

Naval Port land support: New Naval Ports require sea or shallows next to land, an Undersea City or an Oilfield owned by your nation. Undersea bases, mines, breakwaters, ports, Naval Ports and ships do not qualify.The same applies to fish farms and CPUs. Refused commands cost nothing and preserve the fish farm. Set to 0 for the previous rule.

A neighbouring nation can take your Plains by building on them, your Farm or Factory by adding a Farm or Factory, and your Wasteland by levelling it, when the cell touches its territory (not while your troops stand there, and not if it counts your nation as friendly). Every turn a CPU nation counts its cells that can be taken this way and places troops on them, starting with higher-level factories and farms, cells near the capital and cells near land taken last turn. The troops stay there; when troops are short, it prepares a supply base and a unit. It also builds no new Plains, Farm or Factory on a cell touching a neighbour unless its troops stand there (forests, towns, ports, mines and the like cannot be taken). During a war or war preparation, the existing military decisions come first. The numbers, and settings that turn each part off, are in the settings list.

A CPU nation keeps a minimum defence even while it has no declared war. For each border with a neighbour's land (except camp and friendship-treaty partners and nations that count it as friendly), it keeps at least one unit with a total strength of at least 50 (5,000 people) within 2 cells of the border cells, and separately a strength of at least 50 within 2 cells of the capital. Starting with the border that lacks troops, it places a unit on a supply base near the most valuable takeable cell (command 23), builds a base on nearby plains if there is none (command 21), and drafts from a large town within the current rules when reserves are short (command 22). It does this before resource development and the like, and after food emergencies. Counted units stay where they are. Once war is declared on it, the war preparation takes over. The numbers are settings.

CPU city names

CPU city names: name at most 1 unnamed Modern Cities per nation per turn (0 disables naming). The ten nations added in 1.66 each use 40 fictional place names; initial CPU nations and nations transferred from human to CPU control share 200 names. Names are picked in list order, skipping city names already stored anywhere in the world. Naming pauses when a list is exhausted. A CPU capital whose name equals its nation name receives the first name of that turn, using one naming slot. Blank capitals, capitals with a different name, and player-named cities retain their names, except that seven specified old character forms in CPU city names are corrected to traditional Chinese. Names in human nations stay unchanged, as do names across display languages. New names in LLM nations are assigned only on turns when the AI prepares their plan.

CPU warships and blast warnings

CPU countries (rule AI and AI acting for LLM countries) use only self-destruct coordinates made public in the previous turn. For the next activation turn, ships and troops within 2 cells (19 cells including the centre) receive directions away from the centre. Ships choose destinations using public sea and shoal terrain without expanding land-army sight. Troops choose visible traversable land owned by their country. Visible troops and ships, fish farms, cruising ships, fuel and normal movement rules restrict destinations and movement. A direction that moves safe members of the same corps into a hazard area is rejected. The existing limit of 7 normal commands per turn means orders for everyone are not guaranteed, and one move may not take them outside the blast area. Hidden defence facilities and unpublished self-destruct orders are not read.

At most one land target per country per turn is designated for a volley: a currently visible enemy at war, still at a place recorded in the previous public battle record as attacking your country or a friendly country. Artillery comes first; same-camp and friendly countries are excluded. Selection requires the full volley cost and ammunition for every ship in range, including ships ordered to retreat, to be reserved for the plan. Naval-port candidates can also use fish farms owned by the home country’s private sector. Foreign and public farms cannot be used, nor can farms be used to build ships. The shared building interval, caps, costs, visibility and site conditions still apply. Removal and refund follow the fish-farm rules.

Retreat, target selection and fish-farm naval-port candidates are enabled by default. Retreat priority is 100 and target priority is 89. See Settings for current values and controls to disable each feature.

CPU troop kinds and land fronts

CPU nations (rule AI and AI fallback for LLM nations) choose among ten troop kinds before first placing a unit. Infantry holds and occupies land; Mountain Troops guard and attack through mountains; Artillery provides support and counterbattery fire; Armored Troops break through; Gun Batteries defend fixed positions; Marines land across water; Airborne Troops scout and counter enemy armor; Armor A, B and C match the enemy armor type. At least one corps able to occupy land is kept. Existing kinds that cannot change after placement, including Armored Troops, Gun Batteries and Armor A, B and C, remain immutable.

Both attackers and defenders prepare supply bases and troops in the first row of borders during war or after a declaration, leaving guards at the ends. At bases, existing reserves place or reinforce units up to 250 (25,000 people); offensive units wait at a base until 250. A border of at most 6 cells, or visible enemy troop strength over 1.2 times its own, calls for at most one extra second-row base. Every completed observation reassesses borders added by breakthroughs, reclamation or other changes.

These numbers are defaults. Ordinary peacetime reinforcement remains 50 at a time; the food gate is 4 turns, and refitting needs a 1.25-fold expected improvement. Artillery range is valued at 1.25 times and counterbattery at 1.5 times; exposure to artillery costs 100 points when choosing to close in, retreat or return fire with its own artillery. Hidden enemy troops and stocks are never read. Each decision advances base preparation by one stage and reinforces once. Ordinary construction commands, materials, construction conditions and the 32-corps limit can make front coverage take turns or remain incomplete. Current values and the setting to disable this preparation are in Game Settings.

A rule-AI nation sends reserves with Reserve Aid (command 50) to an ally in its camp whose land borders its own, when that ally has been declared upon (including the 5 turns before the war starts) or is at war. So that it never gives away too many of its own troops, it sends nothing while it is itself declared upon (including before the war starts) or under visible threat, but it does send during a war it joined itself; it keeps its reserve floor, the missing part of its capital guard and another 10,000 reserves, sends at most half of the rest, and never lets its reserves plus troops fall below 30,000. Placed troops are not moved. One ally per turn, the one weakest against its enemy first. Aid (123) to distant camp allies also uses separate contract transport. Naval ports and warships for marine landings are separate from aid transport. If it has no Plains for the supply base that forms the marines, it first levels its own Wasteland or Forest and builds there (never mountains, mines or cells with troops). With no Wasteland or Forest either, a nation that has 5 or more town and city cells levels its least populated town other than the capital. The ship sent to pick up troops is the nearest one. For marines it picks the shore nearest the troops that the ship can reach by sea, and both the ship and the troops head there to meet. Once the land route exists, reserves go by land. The numbers are settings.

Diplomatic aid (123), including goods and reserve troops for a camp ally, uses separate contract transport. New aid does not require warships or hiring private ships. Each arrival is released immediately; only unshipped cargo is returned at expiry. See contract transport.

10.2 Entering LLM Mode

Choose LLM Mode in the nation login area. After authentication, it presents national state, nearby terrain, available commands and plan entry in a form suited to an LLM. Text view and detailed help are available. This is an observation and plan-submission interface for an external LLM; simply opening the page does not automatically call an external model.

Use Validate Only to check the input, then Send to save it. A successful plan submission or adoption of an AI proposal sets the nation’s control type to LLM. Validation checks conditions visible at that moment, not a guaranteed future outcome: other nations or prices may change before execution. If the turn or plan has changed, reload current state and rebuild the submission.

10.3 Selecting an AI Policy

AI Policy lets you select focus (Follow personality, Expansion, Trade, Military or Balanced), stance (Defensive, Neutral or Aggressive), a Priority resource and a Target country, then save the policy. Resource choices are None, Timber, Stone, Ore, Oil, Fuel and Industrial Goods. This is a set of choices, not a free-form instruction field.

The policy guides rule AI and assistance for LLM nations. Saving a policy for an ordinary human nation does not start automatic AI control. Saving a policy and submitting a plan are separate actions; check each confirmation.

11. Troubleshooting

11.1 Common rejections

11.2 Logs and disasters

Distinguish submission acceptance from execution during an update. In recent events, compare the turn, nation, command, coordinates and rejection reason. Read owner-only logs such as troop-direction changes while authenticated in development. Absence from a sightseeing page or world log does not prove that a command did not run.

The standard recent-event display and log-retention settings are 16 turns, so inspect important events promptly. Fire, earthquakes, food shortages and Monsters can also reduce population, facilities or troops. For a loss, check disaster and upkeep-shortage logs as well as attacks, then plan Food, Fuel and reconstruction.

If the cause remains unclear, report the nation ID, turn, coordinates, command and displayed error to the administrator. Do not include your password.

12. Military rules

This chapter explains how to read the army and navy settings tables. Abilities and ranges here are current base values; battlefield conditions and each nation’s technology also affect actual damage.

12.1 Research and technology

Technology Research (117): Use the national treasury to research Production, Shipping or Military from level 0 to 10. Quantity 1=Production, 2=Shipping, 3=Military. Target 0 means your own country; fixed coordinates (0,0) are not a construction site. One successful order raises one field by one level and uses one turn. Costs to reach levels 1 to 10: 100/200/400/800/1600/2400/3600/5400/8100/12150 units of 100 million yen. Levels 6 to 10 also require 40 × attained level Steel and 80 × attained level Stone (the same quantity of Goods replaces Steel when the steel economy is disabled). Registration is free of charge; the execution-time level determines payment. No payment at the cap, with insufficient funds or materials, or invalid arguments. Research is separate from troop and ship experience.

Technology is national: Production raises finished Food, mining, timber and factory output; Shipping raises ship speed and cargo capacity; Military raises numerical damage dealt on actual hits. Each field has levels 0–10. Levels 1–5 add 3% of the base per level; levels 6–10 add 1.5% of the base per level, reaching 115% at level 5 and 122.5% at level 10. Effects do not compound by level. Fractions are dropped in the output or damage unit and never carried forward.

Military technology levels 0–10 multiply numerical damage dealt by normal attacks, artillery and ordinary counterattacks by the technology multiplier (100 + 3 × level percent at levels 0–5; 115 + 1.5 × (level − 5) percent at levels 6–10, reaching 122.5% at level 10). Apply target terrain, target fixed climate, attacker weather, one quarter when ammunition is short, military technology, equipment, minimum damage and surviving troop cap in that order; drop fractions at each stage and carry no remainder. Military technology does not change the fixed retreat retaliation of 1 or artillery counterattack exemptions.

The settings table shows base values; an owner sees base / national effective values. Shipping technology levels 0–10 multiply speed and capacity by the technology multiplier (100 + 3 × level percent at levels 0–5; 115 + 1.5 × (level − 5) percent at levels 6–10), rounded down to integers separately. Shipping technology does not change diplomatic transport capacity. Base merchant capacity is 256 containers for Small, 2048 for Large and 510 for Legacy hulls, including existing ships. Build price = class base cost × (1 + 0.5 × max(0, N − 1)). N counts merchants already held by the same owner before construction: national and private fleets of a country are counted separately; fishing boats are excluded, while docked ships and ships built earlier in the same turn are included. The first two ships cost the base price (100 Funds for Small, 400 for Large), the third costs 1.5 times and the fourth twice that price. The private first-ship rule still permits construction with positive voyage profit; later ships use the new price for profit and cash checks. Upkeep is unchanged. Initial and maximum HP are 2 for Small and Legacy, and 3 for Large. Existing saved HP is retained, with the new maximum applied when taking damage, repairing or displaying a ship. Registered Legacy cargo-ledger hulls use 510 containers, while the old unregistered eight-bit cargo layout remains limited to 255.

Hull damage in the ship table is a base value. Military technology levels 0–10 multiply numerical damage on a hit by the technology multiplier (100 + 3 × level percent at levels 0–5; 115 + 1.5 × (level − 5) percent at levels 6–10), rounded down to whole damage units. Base damage 1 stays 1 even at level 10; no remainder is saved. Mine and fuel shortage damage, the three hit facility rule, town population loss of 10%, and one step of farm or factory scale are unchanged.

12.2 Corps and unit types

There are 32 Corps slots and 16 Fleet slots; these are separate organizations. Use the military panel to check names, colors, unit types, directions and orders. Conscript (22) prepares reserves, and Deploy Unit (23) places or reinforces troops at a Supply Depot or another eligible site. Conscription reduces city population, so watch your productive workforce.

Reading the unit ability table

As in Settings, each row is one unit type. Occupation 2 is full occupation, 1 is limited and 0 means none. Artillery 2 marks artillery attacks that do not receive counterattacks. Movement is the maximum where terrain permits; 0 means stationary.

Rows and columns in the matchup and terrain tables

In the Settings unit matchup table, rows are attacking unit types and columns are defending unit types. A value of 10 is neutral. For example, Infantry against Armored Troops has value 4, or 4/10 of base damage; Armored Troops against Infantry has value 14, or 14/10. Reversing attacker and defender changes the lookup. Experience and other factors apply separately.

In the terrain effects table, rows are defending unit types and columns are the terrain occupied by that defender. A value of 10 is neutral. Infantry defending in Forest has value 6, or 6/10; Mountain Troops defending in Mountain has value 4, or 4/10. It is not a lookup of the attacker’s terrain. In the movement table, rows are moving units and columns are destination terrain: 0 forbids movement, 1 allows one cell and 2 allows up to two.

The Settings correspondence list maps added S terrain to base terrain columns. Large Farms use the Farm column, and Large Factories use the Factory column for movement and terrain effects. Movement through a tunneled Mountain has separate eligibility rules.

ZOC (zone of control) restricts movement. A unit adjacent to an enemy ZOC cannot move to another cell that is also in enemy ZOC unless its type or equipment ignores it. A direction order does not guarantee movement: terrain, foreign ownership, other units and ZOC can block the route.

Land combat damage reduction by fixed climate belt

In land combat, damage received is reduced by the percentage below according to the fixed climate belt of the tile occupied by the unit taking damage. This means the defender for normal attacks, the original attacker for counterattacks, and the unit hit by artillery; nationality and capital location do not determine the belt. The reduction applies together with existing terrain effects. Belts do not change with the seasons. On a 90-row map the equator is at y=45, and north-south distance from it defines the five belts. These are gameplay roles and do not represent the performance of real military forces. See weather for rain/snow combat factors and calculation order.

Above the development map, the fourth choice, “Climate belts”, colors cells by the five fixed belts. The fifth, “Weather”, colors each cell for Clear, Cloudy, Rain, Snow or Thunder. The sixth, “Ocean currents”, marks the direction with one of six arrows on sea cells where a current affects merchant cost, red for warm currents and blue for cold ones; shoals follow the current setting. Each choice shows a legend. “Show Troops” remains the default, and changing choices clears the previous marks. These controls are absent from sightseeing. Land tile details continue to show only the belt name.

Weather

The Weather field on the top page and country screen shows the percentages of Clear, Cloudy, Rain, Snow and Thunder across owned land tiles. Warships and temporary occupation at sea are excluded. Rounded percentages total 100%. A nation without land shows “No territory”; unavailable weather shows “Unknown”. Capital weather is shown separately. Weather depends on the 48-turn seasonal cycle, hemisphere, elevation, distance from the coast, wind, moisture, and moving low- and high-pressure systems. Seasons are opposite in the two hemispheres. Seasonal rain belts are separate from the fixed land-combat climate belts. Normal attacks, counterattacks and artillery deal 90% damage when the attacking unit is on a rainy tile and 90% on a snowy tile. Apply the receiving unit's terrain, its fixed climate, then the attacking unit's weather, dropping fractions at each step; equipment, minimum damage and remaining troop caps follow. Fixed retreat retaliation of 1 and artillery exemptions stay unchanged. Clear, cloudy and thunder weather leave land damage unchanged. Missing weather is logged and uses a neutral effect. Thunder at the aimed tile adds 1 to missile scatter radius. Radii 0, 1 and 2 become 1, 2 and 3, with candidate counts 1, 7 and 19 becoming 7, 19 and 37 at the default setting. PP counts the center twice. The expanded candidates use the existing friendly-country check with its existing scope and exceptions, before Funds or ammunition are spent. Neither the launch base nor the actual impact determines thunder; naval gunfire is unaffected.

Air temperature, water temperature and wind update at seasonal boundaries; moisture and ground dryness update every four turns. Pressure centers move with the wind every turn. Moisture, mountain windward slopes, seasonal rain belts and pressure determine Clear, Cloudy or precipitation. Precipitation becomes Snow at air temperatures of 1°C or below, Thunder when warm and moist near a strong low-pressure center, and Rain otherwise. Moist tropical areas and windward mountain slopes can receive rain even without a pressure center. Rain belts are wetter toward their center; dry subtropical belts and mountain lee slopes tend to have more clear weather. Human and AI orders and disasters use the weather already displayed; the next turn’s weather is prepared at the end of the turn. Warship recovery rates based on fixed climate belts remain unchanged.

Example: with neutral terrain and fixed climate, a unit attacking from a Rain cell without enough ammunition, at Military Technology level 5 and with equipment that doubles inflicted damage, changes base damage 100 to 90 for weather, 22 for ammunition, 25 for technology and 50 for equipment. Round down to an integer at each step. A normal counterattack uses the counterattacking nation’s technology and the counterattacker’s weather; the existing minimum of 1 before equipment also remains. Fixed climate uses the damaged unit’s cell, Rain and Snow use the damaging unit’s cell, and Thunder expands missile error according to the aimed cell.

National treasury caps are 20,000 Funds (×100M JPY) and 30,000 Food units (100 tonnes each, 3 million tonnes total). The build-price change does not alter money, food, fuel, ammunition or other upkeep and combat costs.

12.3 Fleets and ship types

Build warships with commands 136–140 (Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier, Submarine).Quantity 0 automatically selects the lowest-numbered fleet without merchants; 1–16 select Fleet 1–16. Values above 16 are invalid. Construction conditions, costs, experience requirements and turns are unchanged. Legacy command 69 quantities: Build quantity: 100 + fleet number × 10 + ship type (1–5). Fleet numbers run from 0 to 15; 0 means Fleet 1. Quantities 1–5 alone or fleet number 0 select the lowest-numbered fleet without state merchants. If none exists, construction fails as before. Warship limits are 40 per nation and 5 per naval base. The 10 ships per fleet limit keeps its existing counting rules. A full selected fleet prevents construction rather than redirecting it; its existing flagship is unchanged. CPU construction with an explicit fleet number keeps that number. Select your own Naval Port or a formal camp partner’s Naval Port on the map, then choose the fleet and ship type to queue construction. Adjacent water beside your own Naval Port remains a valid target. Naval Ports do not belong to fleets.

Legacy command 69 plans: Quantity 0 builds a naval base; quantities 1–5 build destroyers through submarines. Select a fleet with quantity 100 + fleet number (0–15) × 10 + ship type (1–5). Private operators decide new merchant ship construction.

Warships can be built by selecting your own Naval Port or a port belonging to a member of the same formal camp on the map. Ports of wartime enemies are excluded. The ship appears in adjacent empty sea or shallows; construction fails if none is available. The building nation supplies the funds and Steel (Industrial Goods when the steel economy is disabled), must meet the experience requirement, and owns the ship. Port capacity counts only your own Naval Ports; allied ports add no capacity. With no own Naval Port, you may build up to one port’s capacity at an allied port. National and per-fleet limits remain unchanged. Your own nation continues to pay supply costs; repair command 72 still requires an adjacent Naval Port of your own.

Buildable warship types are Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier and Submarine. Build warships on Sea or Shoal next to your own or a formal camp partner’s Naval Port. Movement depth restrictions are separate: only Destroyers among warships can sail into shoals. Freighters carry cargo and do not attack. Neutral pirate ships raid merchant ships, private and national (including distant fishing boats), under the same rule as cruise ships: they sink the ship or steal part of its cargo (the numbers are in the merchant section of Game Settings). Pirate Ships and Cruise Ships are not normally buildable. Sight is the distance at which you can detect armies and warships; Range is the distance at which a ship can attack. Both use hexes, and the Range column shows 0 for types that cannot fire. Sight ranges are Naval Port 3 / Destroyer 2 / Cruiser 2 / Battleship 3 / Aircraft Carrier 4 / Submarine 2 / Freighter 2. Freighters provide sight but do not attack. Army and naval reconnaissance is shared while each unit and ship type keeps its existing radius.

Typhoons, fires and supply

Of the five low-pressure and three high-pressure eyes, at most two lows can become typhoons. In local summer or autumn, a low at a distance of 5–25 rows from the equator (scaled to a 90-row map), with its centre and all six neighbours over water at a centre water temperature of at least 26.5 C, has a 50% chance per turn. It moves 2–3 cells with the wind, adding a weak poleward component every second turn. Strength is 1–5: warm water adds 1, cold water subtracts 1, and land subtracts 2. It ends at zero strength or after eight turns. These are simplified game rules.

Only Farms and Large Farms in the strong-wind passage, including intermediate movement cells with a radius of 1–3 cells depending on strength, face damage. A draw from 0 to 11 below 6 minus nearby Forests and Monuments converts the farm to plains: 50% without shelter, 25% with three, and 0% with six or more. Overlapping paths trigger one draw per cell per turn; another turn can cause another draw. Ports stay intact but lose 15% of their handling allowance for that turn.

Fire probability, including the population surcharge, is multiplied by a dryness-and-wind factor of 0.5–2. Before disasters, the mean factor is normalised to 1, weighted by the original probability across eligible cells not protected by a capital, Forest or Monument. Actual totals vary with draws and town growth. Town population loss, industrial destruction and existing protection remain the same.

Normal warship recovery uses the lower of the fixed climate-belt rate and 80% in strong winds, or 60% within one cell of a typhoon centre. Strong winds mean the typhoon passage or wind strength at least 1.2 times normal. Supply costs and command 72 repairs remain the same. The five weather types, land combat, missiles and warship speed retain their effects. Select Typhoons on the map for current centres, strong-wind passages and actual tracks from the last four turns. No forecast track is shown.

Base values in the ship type table

These are the Settings ship type table’s initial HP, maximum HP at experience 250, shots per attack, error, firing range and sight range. Range and sight are separate hex distances. The legacy Freighter row is a reference for saved hulls, not permission for state shipbuilding. Base numeric hit damage is 1. Military Technology is applied once to actual numeric hit damage and rounded down to an integer.

Cruise ships cannot be built by national orders; private operators build them automatically. See Private cruise ships.

Warship construction costs use the Destroyer as their base. Funds and steel share the same multiplier for each type. Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier and Submarine multipliers are 1, 4, 8, 24 and 8; a Submarine costs the same as a Battleship. Construction requires both resources and spends them once, only on success. A Naval Port (quantity 0) costs funds only. See Shipbuilding and Fleet Organization in Settings for current costs. State merchant construction is closed.

A Naval Port costs 500 ×100M JPY. A legacy Freighter carries up to 255 units. Its listed cost is a legacy hull reference; state construction is closed. Default holding limits are 40 warships per nation and 5 per Naval Port; state merchants have a separate limit of 30 per nation and 5 per Port. A Fleet holds up to 10 ships by default. Use Organize Fleet (70) and Set Destination (71); ships continue toward their destination on later turns. Check the displayed Corps and Fleet choices and use the exact IDs requested by each numeric field. Innocent passage allows Freighters to pass through hexes occupied by your own ships or ships of non-hostile nations, but ships cannot stop in the same hex or stack. Passage is possible only if the remaining movement allowance for that turn reaches an empty hex beyond them; a line of ships or insufficient movement can block passage. Ships of nations preparing for war or already at war with you, and unaffiliated ships, cannot be crossed. If ships block a route, the Freighter waits 1 turn and tries to replan or detour on the next turn. A detected hostile ship triggers an immediate search for a detour. Merchants and warships may pass a friendly or non-hostile ship, including one carrying non-hostile troops, or non-hostile Marines or Airborne Troops on sea or shallows, only when they can reach empty water beyond it. They never stop or stack on an occupied cell. Merchants spend their remaining movement and fuel. When passing a hull, a warship overtakes one adjacent occupied cell and reaches its empty exit across two edges, consuming two movement opportunities. Ships limited to one movement opportunity, direct steering orders and Cruisers with one opportunity left cannot overtake. Destroyers and Cruisers also need the intermediate cell to rank later in the existing scan. Further movement from the exit requires an exit rank later than that intermediate rank. Normal class speeds, firing and per-turn military fuel remain unchanged. Hostile ships and troops, including declared opponents, and ownerless ships blockade passage. Hostile passengers block even on a non-hostile hull. Passing leaves every intermediate hull and passenger field unchanged. Draft, fishing areas and unexpired wrecks still restrict passage. A separate exception lets all five warship types traverse connected non-hostile Naval Ports atomically, using one movement opportunity and stopping only on empty water beyond. It works with automatic sailing and directional command70. The direction selects the entry port; manual steering chooses the nearest forward exit, while automatic sailing chooses an exit closer to its destination. Only the connected ports are searched. Hostile ports or garrisons and a lack of clear exits prevent passage. Heavy ships need deep-water exits. Ports and troops stay intact. Civilian Ports and merchants keep their existing passage, movement and fuel limits. Hidden garrisons are checked on actual contact. A chain of up to three own or nonbelligerent Marines or Airborne Troops (types 5 and 6) on sea or shallows is passed for the same movement cost as one troop cell, stopping on the first empty water beyond it. The same rule applies to port entry and departure. Four or more troop cells, hostile troops, ownerless troops and other troop types block passage. Ships never stop on troops and preserve every troop field. Warships use the first troop cell scan rank and still require two remaining movement opportunities. Fuel continues to count actual hexes crossed.

For Embark (74) and Disembark (75), select the ship and set Quantity 1–6 to choose an adjacent direction. Ships cannot stop on a troop-occupied cell. Non-hostile Marines and Airborne Troops on sea or shallows may be passed only with enough movement to reach an empty exit. Hostile troops and landed infantry still block water passage. Troops enter ships only with Embark (74). All mobile troop types can enter civilian and naval ports under the normal territory, war and corps-order rules, then board an adjacent own ship. Batteries remain immobile. A private ship previously sharing a cell leaves water-capable troops behind; it waits if they cannot stand on that water. A chain of up to three own or nonbelligerent Marines or Airborne Troops (types 5 and 6) on sea or shallows is passed for the same movement cost as one troop cell, stopping on the first empty water beyond it. The same rule applies to port entry and departure. Four or more troop cells, hostile troops, ownerless troops and other troop types block passage. Ships never stop on troops and preserve every troop field. Warships use the first troop cell scan rank and still require two remaining movement opportunities. Fuel continues to count actual hexes crossed. Naval targets depend on range and anti-ship or anti-submarine capability. A ship sinks at HP 0 or below, losing its troops and cargo. Foreign warships (Destroyers, Cruisers, Battleships, Aircraft Carriers and Submarines) outside your nation’s sight appear as Sea. Their nationality, HP, Fleet and embarked troops are also hidden. Submerged Submarines follow the same rule. Your own warships remain visible. Freighters, Pirate Ships and Cruise Ships are always visible, including their nationality, regardless of sight range.

Select a warship in the fleet controls to add temporary movement hold, one of six directions, or flagship selection to the plan. All are free and use no turn. For command 70, amount 3000 holds movement, 3001-3006 select directions 1-6, and 4000 selects the flagship. Temporary movement hold differs from Stop. Hold movement pauses movement for this turn only; attacks still follow the current action. A blocked direction leaves the ship in place. The destination is retained and normal movement resumes next turn. Change the action first if the ship is stopped. Each fleet has one flagship. If it sinks, the fleet has no flagship and no successor is selected automatically. The fleet destination is retained.

Action states and a one-turn hold

Normal and Hunt attack ships and Monsters and move. Cruise moves without attacking. Stop neither attacks nor moves. Hold (command 70, Quantity 3000) prevents movement for this turn only; a ship in Normal or Hunt can still attack. Being in range does not cause fire while the action state forbids it.

Cruisers (range 2 hexes), Battleships (3 hexes) and Aircraft Carriers (4 hexes) in Normal (0) or Hunt (1) action fire at Naval Ports, Missile Bases, Defense Facilities and Undersea Bases owned by nations currently at war with them. Peaceful, pending-war, own and ownerless facilities are excluded. Valid mass-attack orders take priority. Without a valid order, eligible targets are selected in this order: ships, terrain occupied by a hostile army, monsters, military facilities, towns, food sources, money sources, then other targets. Exactly 3 actual hits destroy a facility regardless of technology; damage carries across turns and saves. Losing a Naval Port retains existing ships even above the reduced capacity, but restricts new construction. The Resupply and Repair command (72) requires an existing adjacent Naval Port of your own. Hits on or destruction of facilities give no experience.

Cruisers (range 2 hexes), Battleships (3 hexes) and Aircraft Carriers (4 hexes) in Normal (0) or Hunt (1) action may shell civilian targets only in nations currently at war: all town types (Town / Undersea City / New Town / Modern City / Metropolis), Farms, Factories, Large Farms and Large Factories. Valid mass-attack orders take first priority. Without a valid order, eligible targets are selected in this order: ships, terrain occupied by a hostile army, monsters, military facilities, towns, food sources, money sources, then other targets. Population values use units of 100 people; Farm and Factory scale values use units of 1,000 people. Each hit reduces current population by 10% rounded down, with a minimum loss of 1 when population is at least 1. Zero population stays unchanged and town terrain remains. Consecutive hits use the population immediately before each hit (default: 100→90→81). Each hit reduces Farm scale by 5 or Factory scale by 15. Below the minimum scale (Farm 1, Factory 1), they become Plains and Plains respectively, with scale 0. Ownership and war status are checked again at every impact; own, noncombatant, pending-war and ownerless targets take no damage. Ownership, troops, stocks and civilian cash are not directly changed, and no weather factor applies. Hits on or destruction of civilian targets give no experience. Military facilities still require 3 hits regardless of technology.

Large Farms and Large Factories are also shelling targets when at war. One hit reduces Large Farm scale by 5 or Large Factory scale by 15. At or above the minimum scale (1 and 1), each keeps its large terrain type. Below that scale, they become Plains and Plains respectively with scale 0.

One hit changes a Large Farm at scale 20 to 15, or a Large Factory at 30 to 15. Each retains its large terrain type, 32 or 33. A hit removes just one scale step (5 for a Large Farm, 15 for a Large Factory), without converting it into an ordinary Farm or Factory. Only when scale drops below the minimum of 1 does the configured result become Plain 6 at scale 0.

Hostile Marines and Airborne Troops standing on sea or shallows are army targets under the same sight, range, ammunition and friendly-protection rules. Destroyers, Cruisers, Battleships and Aircraft Carriers shell the armies of nations currently at war in Normal (0) or Hunt (1) action. They do not fire while Cruising or Stopped. Default ranges are 1, 2, 3 and 4 hexes, and base shells per salvo are 1, 4, 6 and 10 respectively; Cruisers and larger ships also fire their experience bonus shots. Each ship fires at most one normal salvo per turn, with no extra salvo for support. Money and ammunition costs are unchanged. Valid Mass Attack orders (command 70, amount 2000) take first priority and retain existing targeting of unseen coordinates. Without a valid order, eligible targets are selected in this order: ships, terrain occupied by a hostile army, monsters, military facilities, towns, food sources, money sources, then other targets. Among armies, those in your territory take priority, then artillery, then nearer units, with the existing tile order breaking ties. Automatic army fire uses shared national sight from your land, troops, supply and mountain effects, ships, naval ports, and current reconnaissance. No extra shared camp sight is used. A visible target must still satisfy weapon range and wartime eligibility. Land-directed shells scatter as before. Each Cruiser or larger ship shell hitting a hostile army reduces strength by 30–49 (units of 100 people), with strength below 1 meaning annihilation. By default, each Destroyer shell deals 25% of an ordinary Cruiser shell’s army damage, rounded down with a minimum of 1 before technology adjustments. Destroyers do not damage facilities or towns. For Cruisers and larger ships, scattered shells aimed at facilities or towns can hit armies, and facilities or towns on the same tile take their own damage. Army selection and impacts protect your own and noncombatant armies, members of the same formal camp, and nations with friendship YU greater than 2, even if they remain in a stale war list. Shells aimed at ships, monsters or mines do not damage armies. Hits on or annihilation of armies give no experience.

The 30–49 damage from Cruisers and larger ships, and the 7–12 damage from Destroyers, are base values before technology. After a hit, apply the firing nation’s Military Technology once to numeric damage and round down. Fixed climate and weather multipliers do not apply to naval gunfire against troops. Technology does not change three hits for a facility, the 10% town population loss or one scale step for farms and factories.

Ports and Naval Ports are transit-only cells: ships cannot stop on them or pass while at war with the owner, including the declaration period. Merchants retain their ordinary movement, fuel and shallow-water rules and stop before a port if the remaining movement cannot reach empty water beyond it. The existing civilian-port exception is for automatic Destroyer sailing only: it crosses one adjacent civilian port to the next empty water cell. Manual directional steering into an adjacent civilian port is rejected. Separately, all five warship types may cross connected non-hostile Naval Ports without stopping, reaching empty water beyond them in one movement opportunity. This Naval Port exception works for both automatic sailing and directional command 70; heavy ships require a deep-water exit. Hostile garrisons or the absence of an empty exit prevent passage. A warship passing through an ordinary non-hostile ship or troops on water uses a separate rule: it consumes two actual movement opportunities and must satisfy the remaining move limit and cell-processing order. Directional command 70 cannot overtake ordinary ships or troops on water. Cargo handling and resupply take place from adjacent hexes. A chain of up to three own or nonbelligerent Marines or Airborne Troops (types 5 and 6) on sea or shallows is passed for the same movement cost as one troop cell, stopping on the first empty water beyond it. The same rule applies to port entry and departure. Four or more troop cells, hostile troops, ownerless troops and other troop types block passage. Ships never stop on troops and preserve every troop field. Warships use the first troop cell scan rank and still require two remaining movement opportunities. Fuel continues to count actual hexes crossed.

Cruisers (range 2 hexes), Battleships (range 3 hexes) and Aircraft Carriers (range 4 hexes) can fire at land monsters. Within these ranges they can attack monsters on foreign territory even without being at war. Normal (0) and Hunt (1) fire; Cruise (2) and Stop (3) do not. A mass-attack order (command 70, amount 2000) gives an in-range monster priority within the usual attack; it grants no extra shots. Hardened monsters take no damage. Shots aimed at land monsters can damage only monsters: misses leave nearby land, towns, facilities, ships and troops unharmed, and land ownership is unchanged. Defeated land monsters leave Waste; sea monsters return to Sea. The existing land-monster reward (money, food and any additional rewards) goes once to the nation whose ship lands the killing hit.

Mass attack (command 70, quantity 2000) lets Destroyers, Cruisers, Battleships, Aircraft Carriers and Submarines fire at explicitly designated mines within range in normal (0) or hunt (1) action. Range, error, shots and costs match normal fire. Only mines actually hit that belong to your nation or a nation currently at war with you are cleared. Peaceful, pending-war and ownerless mines are protected. Misses do not damage towns, facilities, ships, monsters or troops. Command 77 still clears your own mines for its existing fee.

A sunken warship has a 50% chance to leave a type-specific wreck for 10 turns, including the sinking turn. Command 111 targets the wreck cell and requires an adjacent warship of your nation. Recovery yields 20% of the ship type's current build steel, rounded up. Older ships use the same table, and the former owner is irrelevant. If the treasury lacks room for the entire yield, the wreck remains. Fee 0; success uses one turn and failure uses none. Merchant cargo is not returned and no ship is repaired.

A hit alone grants no experience. Sinking a Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier or Submarine grants 5, 10, 15, 20 or 5 respectively. A monster kill grants that monster’s reward. Newly earned ship experience is capped at 250; legacy values of 251–255 are retained without reduction; the full reward also enters the nation’s cumulative naval experience, which is not reduced by losing ships. Existing nations start with the sum of experience on their surviving warships at the beginning of the first update after installation. Hits, facility destruction, army kills and mine clearance alone grant none. Freighter cargo and pirate loot are not warship experience.

A warship fires at most one salvo per turn. Experience adds 0 shots at level 1, 1 at levels 2–3, 3 at 4–5, 5 at 6–7, 7 at 8–9 and 10 at level 10 to its base shot count. Destroyer support against armies remains one shot. All five warship types use maximum HP = initial HP + floor(growth range × min(experience, 250) / 250) + level bonus, capped at 15. In Destroyer, Cruiser, Battleship, Aircraft Carrier and Submarine order, HP at experience 0 is 2, 4, 8, 7, 2 and maximum HP at experience 250 is 9, 11, 15, 15, 9. Growth ranges in the same order are 2, 2, 2, 3, 2. Level 1–10 bonuses are 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 5, 5. Current HP and stored experience 251–255 are not reduced. A ship that fires or takes combat damage from a foreign or neutral opponent skips automatic healing at its next supply.

Cumulative national naval experience unlocks Cruisers at 10, Battleships at 40, Aircraft Carriers at 160 and Submarines at 640. Destroyers need no experience. Construction also requires capacity, money, materials and suitable water and ship slots. Default holding limits are 40 warships per nation and 5 per Naval Port; state merchants have a separate limit of 30 per nation and 5 per Port. Private ships are excluded. The default limit of 10 ships per fleet keeps its existing counting rules. The compatibility path for build quantity 6 counts a small state merchant; new state merchant construction is currently closed.

Ship roles and movement

This section explains how rules in the original naval-game manual work in hakoS. Targets in the table can be attacked in Normal (0) or Hunt (1) action. Land targets mean military facilities, towns, farms and factories of nations at war, and hostile armies visible to your nation or designated by mass attack. Destroyers fire only at land armies within 1 hex, never at facilities, towns or land monsters.

Before attacking during movement processing, a Submarine has a 20% chance to surface and otherwise submerges. A blocked movement attempt still rolls; Stop and temporary Hold preserve its state. Only anti-submarine ships, including Destroyers and Submarines, can fire on a submerged Submarine. Anti-ship vessels can also hit it while surfaced. The same restriction applies to stray shells. Missile, mine and monster damage and ordinary map visibility are unchanged.

Destroyers first move up to two consecutive hexes, stopping if blocked. Their very-fast ability then grants one additional move at a time when the destination cell comes later in the random cell order, with no fixed move-count cap. A steered Destroyer moves the same way in the commanded direction. Ordinary Destroyers move before country commands; Destroyers with queued steering move afterward. Cruisers still move at most twice depending on the random order (about 1.5 on average); Battleships, Aircraft Carriers and Submarines move once. An ordinary move covers one hex; port and non-hostile ship passage follow their separate rules. Existing fuel costs and passage conditions apply to each move. Extra movement never grants an extra normal salvo: each ship may fire once per turn. Destroyers are the only warships that enter shoals. Only automatic Destroyer sailing may cross one adjacent civilian port to the next empty water cell. Connected non-hostile Naval Ports have a separate exception for all five warship types: automatic sailing or directional command 70 crosses them in one movement opportunity, with deep-water exits required for heavy ships. Ordinary passage through ships or troops on water consumes two actual movement opportunities. Currents and Shipping Technology do not increase warship speed. A destination set with the fleet controls persists across turns; a ship stops on reaching it. Without a destination, Normal, Hunt and Cruise ships wander into free water. During route search, the moving ship’s viewpoint stays at its start-of-move position. Sight from other actual observers belonging to your nation is shared, but hypothetical route nodes do not reveal ships ahead. Contact with an unseen hostile ship still prevents crossing or stacking.

Destroyers attack and move after supply and before national commands. Eligible mass-attack orders in the current command prefix are read in advance. A Destroyer with a queued temporary Hold or directional steering order defers that action until after commands; Hold still allows Normal/Hunt fire, and directional steering uses the same base two-hex move in the ordered direction as normal movement, followed by extra moves under the “very fast” rule when the destination cell is still unprocessed in the random cell order. It stops if blocked along the way. Directional steering cannot overtake ordinary ships or troops on water. Queue Hold first when boarding, landing or repairing a ship at its current position. A newly assigned fleet destination cannot affect an early move that has already occurred. A newly built Destroyer first acts automatically on the following turn. Other warships act after growth and per-cell disasters. Extra movement never grants another salvo. All five warship types may traverse connected non-hostile Naval Ports without stopping if an empty exit exists; heavy ships require deep water at the exit.

Change actions with "Change selected ship action" and "Change fleet action" in the fleet controls of the development screen. For command 70, quantity 1000–1003 changes only that ship (1000 = Normal, 1001 = Hunt, 1002 = Cruise, 1003 = Stop), and 1100 + fleet number × 4 + action number changes every warship in the fleet (example: to put Fleet 2 on Cruise, 1100 + 1 × 4 + 2 = 1106). This is free and uses no turn. Hunt behaves the same as Normal. Fleet action and destination orders apply only to warships. State merchants, private merchants and cruise ships sharing the fleet number do not follow these orders. A fleet action fails if the fleet has no warships.

Valid mass-attack orders come first, in plan order. Automatic priority is: eligible ships, visible hostile armies, monsters, military facilities, towns, food producers, then money producers. This version has no separate giant-monster type. Targets are chosen within the highest eligible category; armies on your land come first, followed by artillery and nearer units. Range, war status, visibility and ship capabilities still apply. Destroyers retain army support but cannot attack facilities, towns or land monsters. Mass attack is free, takes no turn, lasts for that turn only and adds no salvo.

Successful mine placement and removal records show (?, ?) instead of coordinates, including records for your own country. Coordinated attack orders are public. Below the order description, "Intercepted orders" lists the type and coordinates of each warship that actually participated. Long lists wrap across lines. Records of ship attacks and fleet commands remain as before.

Stray shells: shells scatter within the error shown in the ship type table. A shell can hit a ship of a nation at war with you, an ownerless ship (such as a Pirate Ship) or a monster on the hex where it lands. Only shells aimed at land can hit facilities, towns, farms, factories and troops; shells aimed at mines hit only mines, and shells aimed at land monsters hit only monsters. Even stray shells never hit the firing ship itself, or the ships, land and troops of your own nation or of nations you are not at war with. However, shells aimed at mines also clear your own mines, and shells hit monsters on anyone's land. Destroyer army fire does not damage facilities, towns, farms or factories.

Mines and ships: warships do not steer around mines. A ship that enters a mine hex takes damage equal to the mine's power (1–2), whoever owns the mine, and the mine is used up. Your own mines damage your own warships too, so place them where your ships will not run into them on the way to a destination or while wandering.

Other ways ships are damaged or sunk: each turn with too little fuel costs 1 HP, and missile hits also damage ships. A monster entering a ship's hex sinks the ship, and eruptions, meteorites and wide-area disasters also sink ships. A sinking ship loses its troops and cargo. Tsunamis do not damage ships (a breakwater protects nearby land from tsunamis). Defense Facilities do not stop naval shells; for Cruisers, Battleships and Aircraft Carriers of a nation at war (with action Normal or Hunt), a Defense Facility is a target destroyed by 3 hits.

Embark (74) loads one of your units standing next to your own ship that carries nothing; each ship carries one unit. Disembark (75) needs a hex without troops; Sea, Shoal, Undersea Base, mine and ship hexes are not allowed. Embarked units do not capture, attack or counterattack. Embarking and disembarking are free and use no turn.

Decommission (73) removes one of your warships on the spot. It is free, uses no turn and leaves no wreck. A ship carrying troops cannot be decommissioned. Assign Escort (84) with quantity 1 makes one of your warships follow its fleet's flagship, ahead of the fleet destination (quantity 0 removes it; free, no turn). Besides command 70 quantity 4000, a ship also becomes flagship when moved into a fleet that has none (a newly built ship does not). Rename fleets with "Fleet Name" in the navy information panel of the development screen. Naval Ports also use 5 ×100M JPY in funds and 500 tons of food every turn.

Ownerless ships and sea monsters: a Pirate Ship appears every 24 turns, up to 3 at a time. Because it has no owner, warships can fire at it without a declaration of war. The nation that sinks one receives funds of 20 ×100M JPY plus a quarter of the Pirate Ship's cargo quantity, and the cargo itself (as much as the treasury can hold). When a nation disappears, its warships stay at sea as ownerless ships: they cannot fire, and any nation can fire at them. A sea monster (Whale) appears every 18 turns, up to 2 at a time. Warships of any type in Normal or Hunt can fire at it, and the nation that defeats it receives food and oil. In the top page rankings, "Ships Sunk" counts ships your warships sank by gunfire, and "Voyage Distance" totals the hexes moved by your warships and state merchant ships.

hakoS adopts the original naval game’s class speeds, early Destroyer phase, submarine surfacing, kill experience, construction levels and wreck chance. Construction uses the current cost table on this page; fuel and upkeep, Destroyer army support and priority for designated attacks retain their existing rules. Use fleet destinations for dispatch and return. There is no per-fleet target ordering, decommissioning into neutral practice targets, wreck repair or sale, gold bars, seven crystals, jamming or special ship abilities. A ceasefire alone does not send fleets home.

12.4 Supply and ammunition

Ships consume their owner’s Funds, Food and Fuel each turn. A Fuel shortage causes 1 HP damage. Resupply and Repair (72) repairs 1 HP next to your Naval Port, consuming ten times the ship type’s normal Funds and Food maintenance. Reinforcing land troops at a Supply Depot is separate from ship supply paid from national stocks. After warships (types 1-5) pay all supply costs, they recover 1 HP with the probability for their current fixed climate belt: tropical 80%, subtropical 90%, temperate 100%, subpolar 90% and polar 80%. The cap includes experience bonuses; full hulls draw no lottery. A failed recovery leaves payments and supply results unchanged. Merchants, liners and fishing boats have no climate correction. Repair order 72 retains certain recovery.

Attacks consume Ammunition. A land attack uses the attacking unit’s strength value divided by 100, rounded up; each strength point represents 100 people. Thus strength 150 (15,000 people) uses Ammunition 2. One naval attack uses Destroyer 1, Cruiser 1, Battleship 2, Aircraft Carrier 3 or Submarine 1. Each land attack, including artillery, needs 1 Ammunition per 10,000 troops, rounded up. If stocks are insufficient, troops fight with swords and spears at one-quarter damage (rounded down, minimum 100 troops), consuming no ammunition, including any remaining stock. Counterattacks use the same shortage factor based on surviving strength and never consume ammunition. Fixed retreat counterattacks and artillery counterattack exemptions are unchanged. Naval and missile attacks still stop when ammunition is insufficient; movement and occupation have separate checks. Firing also has its own Funds costs.

12.5 Missiles and sea defenses

Missiles require your own base in range, Funds and Ammunition. Ballistic Missiles additionally use Fuel 3 per shot. Range depends on base type and level, with Ballistic Missiles extending it by 5. Scatter and effects vary by missile type, and direct attacks on another nation require active war. The current firing check requires more Funds than exactly the cost of one shot.

Build Breakwater (76) targets Shoal next to your territory and costs 500 ×100M JPY. It protects nearby owned land from tsunami damage, and ships cannot cross its cell. Lay Sea Mines in deep Sea beside your territory or your warships, using their positions when the order executes. Merchants, pirates and cruise ships do not count. Mines cannot be laid within one hex of ports or naval ports of your nation, the same formal camp, or friends (YU>2). Beside other foreign ports or naval ports, active war with the owner is required; pending declarations do not count. Quantity 1–2 sets damage. Laying cost is damage ×300 ×100M JPY; clearing your existing mine costs 20% of that. Mines cannot be laid on fishing grounds. Actual routes use the flag nation’s sight: unseen mines count as deep sea and cause contact damage. Visible mines are avoided. Ships never enter or take damage from mines of their nation, formal camp or friends (YU>2). Placement is also forbidden if it removes an existing route from a friendly port or naval port to water more than six hexes from that port, without crossing land or friendly mines. Enemy mines count as sea for this exit check.

12.6 War and ceasefires

Once Declare War (49) executes, the standard preparation period schedules war for 5 turns later. Founding protection and friendship conditions can prevent a declaration. An ordinary declaration is allowed only while the target has received declarations from fewer than three nations. Joint declarations by a coalition are outside that limit. Submitting it does not immediately permit combat; check the scheduled start and current diplomatic status.

Use Offer Ceasefire (51) to seek peace. A one-sided offer waits for the other nation; peace takes effect after the other side also executes the ceasefire action. Agreement during preparation can avert the war. An agreement written only in a message does not change the game’s war state.

12.7 Reconnaissance and sight

Reconnaissance（110）: Costs 50 units of 100 million yen and consumes 1 turn. Reveals hidden warships, troops and Sea Mines within hex distance 2 of the selected cell only to the authenticated issuer during the next turn after the update completes. No notice is sent to the other country. Quantity and target country must be 0. AI cannot use it. A new order replaces the same country's previous record.

With ordinary land sight, you see your own units and units on your own territory. Units are also visible within one of your units’ search ranges (normally 2, or 3 for Airborne Troops), or within radius 2 of your own Supply Base or Mountain. See the unit table and Settings for each search value.

Army and naval reconnaissance is shared within your nation. Marines detect armies and warships within 2 hexes, Airborne Troops within 3, and ships and Naval Ports within their own search ranges. Your own warships remain visible. Foreign warships outside sight appear as Sea without nationality, HP, fleet or embarked troops. Submerged Submarines follow the same visibility rule, but attacks still require anti-submarine capability. Freighters, Pirate Ships and Cruise Ships remain normally public. Seeing a target does not extend weapon range; see the ship type table. You see your own Sea Mines and those within your nation’s ordinary sight or Reconnaissance, using the same sight as warships. Outside sight they appear as Sea without damage or ownership details. The Faction map uses shared ordinary sight, without sharing the extra sight from Reconnaissance. All Sea Mines appear as Sea in public views such as Sightseeing.

Example: queueing Reconnaissance (110) during turn 99 does not immediately expand sight. If the command succeeds in the update from 99 to 100, only the authenticated issuing nation can see within hex radius 2 of the chosen cell during saved turn 100. The record expires after the update from 100 to 101. A later command from the same nation replaces the previous location.

Reconnaissance sight is added only to the authenticated issuing nation’s owner screen. It is not published to visitors, the public map, the target nation or the shared Faction map. Ordinary visibility and facility disguises remain in place; a hidden unit does not become visible on a public screen.

Reconnaissance requires Quantity and Target Nation 0, costs 50 ×100M JPY and takes one turn on success. AI does not use it and the target is not notified. For command 117, see Research and technology; for command 111 and steel from sunk warships, see Wreck recovery.

12.8 Placing, moving and training units

Units are made in the order Draft (22) → reserves → Deploy Unit (23). Draft turns half of the people of one of your towns into reserves, and the town loses that half. The reserves are added at the end of that update, so deploy in a later turn. It costs 10 ×100M JPY and uses no turn. Reserves and units do not work, but they eat food. Reserve experience rises by 1 with a one-in-three chance each turn.

Build Supply Depot (21) uses quantity 1–32 for the depot’s corps. New construction takes 1 turn; changing your existing depot takes 0 turns. Both cost 10 ×100M JPY. Changing the depot alone does not reassign or change the type of troops already there.

Deploy Unit (23) places new reserves or reinforces troops at your supply depots, walls, capital, modern cities, undersea cities and naval ports. Depots select their assigned corps; walls, capitals, modern cities, undersea cities and Naval Ports use the corps selected under Deployment in military settings and its type (default: 1). Fixed-type units (Armor, Battery and Armor A–C) keep their type. Quantity is in hundreds of people. New deployment requests at least 1,000 people, but actual deployment is capped by available reserves. Each cell holds at most 25,000 people. At least 100 reserves are required; a successful command costs 5 ×100M JPY and uses no turn. Foreign troops or pending withdrawal on the cell prevent deployment.

Use Deployment in military settings to select a corps for walls, capitals, modern cities, undersea cities and Naval Ports (default: 1). The capital setting takes priority when the capital is also a modern or undersea city; supply bases use their own corps. Saving alone does not change existing troops. The next Deploy Unit (23), including reinforcement, uses the selected corps; fixed troop types remain unchanged.

On an existing unit, Deploy Unit (23) with quantity 0 applies the depot or city’s corps and its changeable troop type without adding soldiers. It still needs at least 100 reserves and costs 5 ×100M JPY on success. Experience is recalculated: if reserve experience is higher, the unit gains one quarter of the difference, rounded down. With equal or lower reserve experience, quantity 0 does not lower unit experience.

Walls permit both new deployment and reinforcement. Construction preserves troops already there with their original type and corps; Deploy Unit (23) subsequently assigns the corps selected for walls, retaining fixed troop types. Wall troops may attack and counterattack. Mountain troops may also enter and leave by movement, relief, withdrawal, embarkation and landing. Other troop types cannot enter walls; those already inside cannot move normally or embark. Any troop type may withdraw from a wall with command 24 for 10 units of 100 million yen (1 billion yen) per order. Capitals and modern cities do not have that movement restriction. Armies cannot move into any ship’s cell, even if friendly; use Embark (74) to board your own ship.

Units in the same corps share an order and direction; different corps can be directed independently. Directions are 0 hold, 1 upper right, 2 right, 3 lower right, 4 lower left, 5 left and 6 upper left. Attack (0) attacks enemies in range first, otherwise advances in its assigned direction. March (1) advances in that direction and attacks enemies along the way when blocked. Move (2) does not attack and enters only cells owned by your nation. Defend (3) attacks enemies in range, otherwise moves only into your own cells, and reduces damage received. Attack and March can enter cells outside your territory only when neutral or owned by a nation already at war with you; friendship, troop type, terrain and ZOC restrictions still apply. Zero resistance on sea or shoal does not waive ownership restrictions for Move or Defend. Change Unit Direction (48) uses quantity 1–32 for the corps and X for the direction, with no turn cost. All 32 corps slots are available in peacetime. The CPU’s selection budget is 16 direction commands in peace and 32 during war, war preparation or a threat; this is separate from the number of corps available.

Withdraw Unit (24) returns one of your units to the reserves at the end of that update (10 ×100M JPY, no turn used). The withdrawing unit does not act that turn, and its counterattack when attacked is 1. Withdrawal adds 5 experience, which is averaged into the reserves' experience. Items the unit carried come back to you. With Quantity 1, a unit of 3,000 people or more on your own land, or of 15,000 or more anywhere (5,000 or more with a 50% chance), turns the hex into wasteland as it leaves (scorched earth; a mountain stays a mountain, a sea base becomes sea, a naval port becomes shoal, and sea and shoal do not change).

A unit gains 1 experience with a 50% chance each turn, and when experience passes 100 its level rises by 1 (up to 15). Each level adds 5 to its matchup value (unit characteristic). A withdrawn unit brings back one "Elite Unit" item for every two levels. You also get one Elite Unit for every 200,000 people of damage dealt to enemies in total; using it on your unit on a supply base raises that unit's level by 1 (experience stays).

Equip Item (25) gives one of your items to your own unit on your own supply base (30 ×100M JPY, no turn used, one item per unit; replacing an item returns the old one to you). Items are handed out at the Turn Cup every 25 turns and are taken back at the next Turn Cup, including items already given to units (nothing is taken back at the first Turn Cup, and Elite Units are never taken back). Who receives what: the lowest-ranked nation (Sword of the War God and Iron Wall Shield), the nation that dealt the most damage in the period (Sword of the War God: damage dealt ×2), the nation that took the most damage (Iron Wall Shield: damage taken halved), the nation with the most wounded soldiers (Weak Shield: damage from troop types it is weak against becomes ordinary), the nation with the largest damage dealt minus damage taken (Cloak that Ignores ZOC), the nation with the largest opposite value (ZOC Charm), and the nation with the most reclamation (Water-Walking Boots: can enter sea and sea bases). You can also choose one item when founding a nation (except the Water-Walking Boots and the Elite Unit). The Turn Cup itself goes to the nation ranked first at that time.

A troop type that can occupy (occupy 2 is normal, 1 is weak) lowers the resistance of the foreign or neutral land hex it stands on every turn. The amount depends on troop strength: 4 under 5,000 people (1 for weak occupiers), 5 under 10,000 (2), 7 under 20,000 (4) and 8 above that (5). Below 1 the hex becomes that nation's land and its resistance returns to 10. An occupying unit on its own land raises resistance by 3. A land hex without your own unit loses 1 resistance each turn (3 when all six neighbors are not yours) when five or more of its six neighbors are not yours (neutral land and sea count) and the most common neighbor is another nation; below 1 it becomes that nation's land with resistance 2. It does not change when that nation is friendly or when an occupying unit stands there. Other hexes recover 1 per turn up to 10. A missile hit lowers resistance by 2, and land received by cession starts at 5.

When your unit takes another nation's land by occupation, it loots only after at least 15 turns since the previous occupation. Farms, large farms and towns of 5,000 people or more (except modern cities and capitals) give food (one tenth of the loser's stock, 1,000–50,000 tons), supply bases and missile bases give reserves (one tenth, 1,000–10,000 people), factories and defense facilities give funds (one tenth, 10–100 ×100M JPY), and mountains with resources give funds (50–250 ×100M JPY). The looted amount is taken from the loser.

Occupation of a port (including a naval port), modern city or capital has a 10% chance of looting, only after at least 15 turns since the previous occupation. Ports expose the previous owner's private stock and cargo stored at that port; modern cities expose private cash on hand; capitals expose private cash on hand and national funds. At most 10% is taken, capped at 100 funds in total for cash and 50 units per resource, combining cargo stored at the port and private stock, with no minimum. Bank deposits and cargo owned by third countries are untouched. Loot is deducted from the previous owner and added to the occupying country's treasury. This replaces food looting in modern cities and capitals; other towns and facilities keep their existing rules.

Declare War (49) can be issued only once per turn. You may declare war on up to three nations, including wars still in preparation, and a nation can receive declarations from up to three nations. You cannot declare war on a friendly nation, nor while either nation is within 15 turns of founding. To withdraw a ceasefire offer you made, enter Declare War again. If both sides offer a ceasefire before the war starts, the war ends without starting. Even without war you can build on adjoining foreign plains and prepare adjoining foreign wasteland.

When two or more nations have declared war on you (including wars in preparation) and their combined national power exceeds yours, you receive a handicap. C (more than 1×): wounded soldiers return 2.5 times faster and population grows about twice as fast. B (1.5× or more): C plus no earthquakes, eruptions, tsunamis, meteorites, huge meteorites, fires or monsters in your nation. A (more than 2×): B plus your workers count double. Your current handicap is shown in the war column of your nation's information.

Offer Friendship (47) names a partner and a period (turns, set in Quantity). When the partner accepts from the notice on the development screen, the two become friends and the friendship cannot be cancelled until the period ends. Between friends: no war declarations, no preparing or building on the partner's land, towns do not spread onto the partner's plains, encirclement does not transfer land to the partner, missiles cannot be fired when the partner's towns or facilities are inside the spread range (mountains, wasteland, plains and sea bases do not count, and no check is made when aiming at a monster), and units on the partner's land withdraw. Friendship ends automatically when only two nations remain. It cannot be offered while either nation is within 15 turns of founding.

Cede Territory (20) gives one of your hexes to the nation you name. It costs nothing, uses no turn and allows at most 1 hex per turn. The ceded hex must be adjacent to the recipient’s land; warships and merchant ships do not count as land. With Quantity 1 your unit on that hex goes over to the receiving nation; otherwise the unit returns to your reserves (its item comes back too). The ceded hex starts at resistance 5. You cannot cede a hex where a unit of another nation outside your camp stands, nor during your first 15 turns.

Missiles aim at coordinates and are fired from your missile bases or sea bases that have the target in range. Range and number of shots grow with base experience (table in the settings list). Spread: Missile and PP Missile hit within 1 hex around the target (PP hits the center more often), Spread Missile within 2 hexes, and the Anti-personnel Missile hits exactly. The Anti-personnel Missile (34) fires one shot and uses no turn. It lands only on your own land (over other land it breaks up in the air) and reduces the town's people and the unit on that hex by 5,000 each (against another nation's unit it hits harder, by the firing nation's Military Technology). It has no effect on ships. The people lost become wounded soldiers of the firing nation; a town that reaches 0 becomes plains, and an Undersea City becomes sea. In a turn when you fire it, no other missiles can be fired.

These systems of Hakoniwa Common Map N do not exist in hakoS: Send Monster and Land Destruction Bomb (no such commands), Money Aid and Food Aid (nations hand goods over by transporting them with Diplomatic Aid 123), the Gunboat (sea battles are fought with fleets), Ragnarok (a mode that puts every nation at war; not used by default), and corruption (a per-turn cost for large nations).

13. Weather and climate

13.1 How it fits together

Seasons repeat every 48 turns, with 12 turns per season. Winter, spring, summer and autumn in the north are reversed in the south. Season boundaries fall on turns 8, 20, 32, 44… Fixed climate belts stay in place; the seasonal rain belt moves. Climate belts and seasons set the background temperature and wind, seas and mountains change moisture, and moving pressure centres change local weather.

On a 90-row map, the equator is y=45 and smaller y is north. Distance in rows north or south of the equator defines tropical 0–9, subtropical 10–19, temperate 20–32, subarctic 33–40 and polar 41–45 belts. Other map sizes use the same proportions. See the fixed climate table.

13.2 How weather is decided

The sea adds moisture according to water temperature, and wind carries it inland. Rain is more likely on the windward side of mountains; air becomes drier after crossing them. Higher ground is colder, while nearby sea softens seasonal heat and cold. The tropical rain belt is wetter near its centre and shifts north and south with the seasons. Subtropical belts tend to be dry. Ground dryness rises with heat and wind and falls with recent precipitation.

Low-pressure centres encourage rain; high-pressure centres encourage clear skies. Moisture, mountain uplift, the seasonal rain belt and pressure together decide clear skies, cloud or precipitation. Precipitation becomes snow at 1°C or below. Near a strong low-pressure centre, it becomes thunder at 20°C or above with moisture at least 70%; otherwise it is rain. Rain and snow can occur without a pressure centre nearby.

Air temperature, water temperature and wind update at season boundaries. Moisture, ground dryness and changes such as reclamation update every 4 turns; pressure centres update every turn. Sea warmth also varies between years. Human and AI orders, battles and disasters use the weather displayed before the update. The next weather is prepared at the end. See weather and combat rules.

13.3 The sea

Current positions, widths and strengths shift slightly with the seasons, forming warm and cold currents along coasts. Warm currents raise water temperature; cold currents lower it. Upwelling happens when coastal winds move surface water offshore and colder water rises. Water temperature retains some influence from the previous season and also affects air moisture.

Upwelling and boundaries between warm and cold currents help fish stocks recover. Suitable water temperatures differ for coastal and distant-water fishing. These sea effects multiply recovery, not the catch directly. Distant-water grounds are relocated at season boundaries, but fish remaining in each sea cell stay there: moving a ground does not refill it. Previously unrecorded cells entering a ground recover from zero stock. For details and values, see merchant ships and currents, coastal fishing, distant-water fishing and its settings explanation.

13.4 Typhoons and fires

Typhoons can form from lows over warm open water a little away from the equator in each hemisphere’s summer and autumn. They follow the wind with occasional turns towards the pole, strengthen over warm water and weaken over cold water or land. They disappear when strength or lifetime runs out. Strong winds affect the passage along the way too. Dry, windy places are more prone to fire, while the worldwide average factor, weighted by original fire probability, is kept unchanged. See typhoons, fires and supply for formation rules, farm shelter and supply values.

13.5 Effects at a glance

13.6 Where to look

• In the development map selector, choose Climate belts, Weather, Ocean currents, Fishing grounds or Typhoons. Legends explain colours and arrows. Typhoon lines show recent actual passages. The tourist map has no such selector.
• Weather on the top page and country page shows the proportions over that country’s land. Capital weather is separate; it does not describe every tile in the country.
• The Press Club’s World environment shows that issue’s weather and current totals. Its JSON also contains weather and currents for each cell. The issue may describe a different time from the live map.
• Select a port to see coastal fishing trips and remaining fish. For values, see army, navy, merchant ships and routes and resources. Each section links to current settings.

Power plants and uranium mines

Command 133 builds a level 1 Power Plant on owned plains or raises an owned plant by one level (maximum 10). Quantity and target must be 0; it takes one turn. Building costs 300 Funds and upgrading costs 150 Funds, both provisional settings. Generation capacity in the country status and home list is the national level sum times 40,000 kW. New plants may also replace your own non-capital village with fewer than 1,000 people. The village population is lost and is not moved elsewhere.

Each level adds 4% to the output of Factories, Large Factories, Refineries and Munitions Factories, capped at 80% nationally. Inputs stay the same. Each level consumes 1 Fuel per turn; a shortage reduces the bonus in proportion to Fuel spent. The CPU may build or upgrade plants when funds, fuel and industry meet the requirements. For new plants it prefers plains and uses a non-capital village only when no plains are available. Current settings appear in the settings list.

By default, a Uranium Mine yields Fuel once its country’s production technology reaches level 3. Its extraction multiplier is five times a Coal Mine’s, with a provisional limit of 100 Fuel per extraction. Before unlocking it retains its reserve, employs no workers and yields nothing. Administrators can disable either feature separately.

Rules and operations from the settings reference